chapter one

Question 1

Microscope

Answer 1

an instrument that makes small objects look larger

Question 2

How many lenses does a simple microscope use?

Answer 2

one pair of lens

Question 3

How many lenses do compound microscopes use?

Answer 3

more than one and a light

Question 4

Who was Robert Hooke and what did he do?

Answer 4

He was one of the first people to observe cells, specifically a thin slice of cork under a microscope. He noticed “tiny, rectangular rooms”.

Question 5

Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 5

He observed cells around the same time as Robert Hooke, specifically observing drops of water under microscopes. He noticed multiple one celled organisms & called them “animalcules” meaning little animals.

Question 6

What was the cell theory

Answer 6

All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all cells are produced from other cells

Question 7

Convex lens

Answer 7

thicker in the center

Question 8

Concave

Answer 8

thinner in the center

Question 9

Prokaryotic

Answer 9

unicellular, no membrane bound nucleus—bacteria and algae

Question 10

Eukaryotic

Answer 10

organelles, membrane bound nucleus— plants and animal cells

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

directs all of the cell activities— brain of the cell

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

gel-like fluid

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

produce proteins; attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or found floating in the cytoplasm

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

network of passageways that carry materials from one part of the cell to another

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

powerhouse of the cell— produces energy

Question 16

Cell membrane

Answer 16

forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell

Question 17

Vacolues

Answer 17

act as a storage unit for the cell; stores food, water, waste, etc

Question 18

Golgi Body

Answer 18

receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to the other parts of the cell; releases materials outside of the cell

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

contains chemicals that break down food particles and worn out cell parts

Question 20

Cell walls

Answer 20

wall that supports and protects the cell

Question 21

Chloroplasts

Answer 21

capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

Question 22

Bacterial Cells

Answer 22

very small, unicellular, have no nucleus

Question 23

What are specialized cells

Answer 23

they are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems. they are specialized to preform specific funtions

Question 24

Organic cells

Answer 24

compounds that contain carbon— carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 25

Inorganic compounds

Answer 25

DO NOT contain carbon— water and sodium chloride

Question 26

Carbohydrates

Answer 26

compound made of carbon

Question 27

Lipids

Answer 27

compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 28

Proteins

Answer 28

large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 29

Nucleic Acids

Answer 29

Long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 30

How does water help a cell

Answer 30

Water helps cells keep shape, size, and temperature and most chemical reactions within cells couldn’t happen without water

Question 31

Methods of transport

Answer 31

diffusion, osmosis, and active transport

Question 32

diffusion

Answer 32

molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration— main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane

Question 33

Osmosis

Answer 33

diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

when a cell needs to take a substance from a lower concentration to higher concentration