Chapter One

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the function of the body: how the body parts work and carry out their life- sustaining activities; reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings; focus on events at the cellular or molecular level; rests of principles of physics

Question 3

Gross or Macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

the study of large body structure visible to the naked eye (heart, lungs, kidneys)

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

all the structures in a particular region of the body are examine at the same time

Question 5

Systemic anatomy

Answer 5

body structure studied system by system

Question 6

Surface anatomy

Answer 6

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Question 7

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 7

structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

cells of the body

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

the study of tissues

Question 10

Developmental anatomy

Answer 10

traces structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan

Question 11

Embryology

Answer 11

concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

Question 12

Palpation

Answer 12

feeling organs with your hands

Question 13

Auscultation

Answer 13

listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

Question 14

Principle of Complementarity of structure and function

Answer 14

what a structure can do depends on its specific form; function always reflects structure

Question 15

Principle of Complementarity of structure and function

Answer 15

what a structure can do depends on its specific form; function always reflects structure

Question 16

Chemical level

Answer 16

atoms combine to form molecules

Question 17

Cellular level

Answer 17

cells made up of molecules

Question 18

Tissue level

Answer 18

tissues consist of similar types of cells

Question 19

Organ level

Answer 19

organs are made up of different types of tissues

Question 20

Organ system level

Answer 20

organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Question 21

Organismal level

Answer 21

the human organism is made up of many organ systems

Question 22

Maintaining its boundaries

Answer 22

internal environment remains distinct from the external environment

Question 23

Movement

Answer 23

activities promoted by the muscular system

Question 24

Responsiveness (excitability)

Answer 24

the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

Question 25

Digestion

Answer 25

the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

Question 26

Metabolism

Answer 26

all chemical reactions that occur within body cells; breaking down substances into building blocks

Question 27

Excretion

Answer 27

the process of removing wastes or excreta from the body

Question 28

Reproduction

Answer 28

occurs on the cellular and organismal level

Question 29

Growth

Answer 29

an increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

Question 30

Survival needs

Answer 30

includes nutrients (food), oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature, and atmospheric pressure

Question 31

Nutrients

Answer 31

taken in via the diet, contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building; carbs are major energy fuel for the cell

Question 32

Oxygen

Answer 32

humans can survive a few minutes without oxygen

Question 33

Water

Answer 33

accounts for 50-60% of our body weight and is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body

Question 34

Normal Body Temperature

Answer 34

37 degrees celsius, 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

Question 35

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 35

the force that air exerts on the surface of the body

Question 36

Homeostasis

Answer 36

the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

Question 37

Dynamic state of equilibrium

Answer 37

a balance in which conditions cary but always within relatively narrow limits

Question 38

Variable

Answer 38

factor or event being regulated

Question 39

Receptor

Answer 39

some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli, by sending information input to the second component the control center Input flows from the receptor to the control center along afferent pathways (approaches)

Question 40

Control Center

Answer 40

determine the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

Question 41

Effector

Answer 41

provides the means for the control center response to the stimulus