the functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attaches them to the bone
periodontium
Provides a tissue seal around the cervical portion of the tooth, holds tissue against the tooth during mastication, and is composed of a thin layer of epithelium and an underlying core of connective tissue.
Gingiva
What are the anatomic areas of the gingiva?
free gingiva, gingival sulcus, interdental gingiva, and attached gingiva
Located coronal to the CEJ and surrounds the tooth like a turtleneck. Fits snuggle around the tooth but is not attached, can be gently pulled away from the tooth with a probe, and forms soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus
Free Gingiva
What is the free gingiva that meets the tooth in a thin, rounded edge?
gingival margin
Space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface. The probe is inserted here.
gingival sulcus
What is the base of the sulcus formed by?
junctional epithelium
What is the normal depth of the sulcus?
1-3 mm
The portion of gingiva that fills the area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area
interdental gingival
What are the two interdental papillae?
facial and lingial
A valleylike depression in the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area.
Col
Located between the free gingiva and the alveolar mucosa
attached gingiva
Where is the attached gingiva widest at?
incisor and molar regions
Where is the attached gingiva narrowest at?
premolar regions
Lingual gingiva is continuous with what?
the palatal mucosa
Why is the attached gingiva not measured on the palate?
because it is difficult to distinguish it from the palatal mucosa
What color is the attached gingiva?
pink/coral. It may also be pigmented.
The color of pigmentation ranges from what?
light brown to black
What is stippling of the attached gingiva caused by?
Connective tissue fibers that attach the gingival tissue to the cementum and bone
What prevents the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied to alveolar mucosa?
attached gingiva
What allows gingival tissue to withstand mechanical forces created during chewing, speaking, and toothbrushing?
attached gingiva
Thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue that covers the surface of the root, light yellow, overlies dentin, bonelike, and does not have its own blood or nutrient source
cementum
What are the functions of the cementum?
- give attachment to collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament
- without cementum the tooth would fall out of socket
- protects underlying dentin
soft connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to the bone of the tooth socket
periodontal ligament
The periodontal ligament is composed of fiber bundles that attach to what?
- the root cementum on one side
- the alveolar bone of the tooth socket on the other side
What are the five (5) functions of the periodontal ligament?
- suspends and maintains the tooth in the socket
- provides pressure and pain sensory feeling to the tooth
- provides nutrients to the cementum and bone
- builds and maintain the cementum and alveolar bone of the tooth socket
- remodels the alveolar bone in response to pressure
Surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth in the jaws
alveolar bone
What leads to resorption of the alveolar bone around the missing tooth?
extractions
What are the layers of the alveolar bone?
- alveolar bone proper ( cribriform plate )
- cortical bone
- cancellous bone ( spongy bone )
- periosteum
bony socket that houses the root of the tooth
alveolus
What fibers are embedded in the alveolar bone proper?
ends of the periodontal ligament
What appears to have large pores where blood vessels connect structures?
alveolar bone proper
Forms the hard outer wall of the jaws on the facial and the lingual aspects. Surrounds the alveolar bone proper and gives support to the socket
Cortical bone
What bone does not show up on a radiograph?
cortical bone
What is the most coronal portion of the cortical bone?
alveolar crest
Spongy, latticelike bone filler between the cortical bone and the alveolar bone proper. Oriented around the tooth to form support for the alveolar bone proper.
cancellous bone
the nerve supply to the peridontium occurs via branches of the trigeminal nerve
innervation
2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve
maxilla
3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve
mandible
What are the functions of the nerve supply?
- Provides information regarding pain, touch, and pressure
- Provide information about tooth movement and position
Vessels of the peridontium join together to create what?
a blood vessel system to supply blood to the soft and hard tissues of the maxilla and mandible
What are the functions of the blood supply to the peridontium?
- Network of blood vessels transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissue cells of the periodontium
- Vessels remove carbon dioxide and waste products from cells
small bean-shaped structures located on either side of the head, neck, armpits, and groin
lymph nodes
What do lymph nodes filter out?
bacteria, viruses, other unwanted substances for elimination