CHAPTER ONE: LINUX SYSTEMS

Question 1

What is linux?

Answer 1

It is a open source, free operating system created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds (student in Finland).

Question 2

Open-source

Answer 2

Code is public and editable by anyone. Free to use and share

Question 3

Closed-source

Answer 3

Code is hidden. Only the company can edit it

Question 4

Operating system (os)

Answer 4

Software that runs your computer. It talks to your hardware (keyboard, screen, memory)

Question 5

Kernel

Answer 5

The core of the os. It controls the cpu, memory and devices

Question 6

Linux-distro

Answer 6

A version or flavor of linux like ubuntu, mint, fedora, kali.

Question 7

What is a vm?

Answer 7

Virtual machine. Like running a pretend computer inside your real computer.

Question 8

Terminal

Answer 8

The window you type in

Question 9

Shell

Answer 9

The program that reads and runs your commands

Question 10

Command lines

Answer 10

Typing out what you want you’re computer to do

Question 11

Terminal emulator

Answer 11

A program that emulates (mimics) a physical terminal. Interacts with the shell.

Question 12

What do you press to open the command terminal?

Answer 12

Ctrl + alt + T

Question 13

Command: date

Answer 13

Shows current date and time

Question 14

Command: cal

Answer 14

Shows current months calendar

Question 15

Command: cal 2024

Answer 15

Shows the whole year’s calendar

Question 16

Command: clear

Answer 16

Clears the terminal screen

Question 17

Command: iscpu

Answer 17

Info about your computer’s processor

Question 18

Command: uptime

Answer 18

Shows how long your system has been on

Question 19

Command: reboot

Answer 19

Restarts your computer

Question 20

Command: pwd

Answer 20

Shows current folder you’re in

Question 21

Command: is

Answer 21

Shows a list of all folders/files in current folder

Question 22

Command: passwd

Answer 22

Changes your password

Question 23

Command: hostname

Answer 23

Shows Computers name

Question 24

Command: free-h

Answer 24

Shows memory (RAM) in human readable format

Question 25

Command: echo hello!

Answer 25

Prints a message

Question 26

Command: history

Answer 26

Shows all command you’ve typed so far

Question 27

Command: !7

Answer 27

Repeats command #7 from history

Question 28

Command: uname

Answer 28

Shows linux system name

Question 29

Command: uname-r

Answer 29

Shows kernel version

Question 30

Command: uname-a

Answer 30

Shows full system info

Question 31

Command: Lsb_release-a

Answer 31

Shows ubuntu version

Question 32

Command: Exit

Answer 32

Closes the terminal

Question 33

Load average

Answer 33

How busy your computer is (1,5,15) - if 1st number is highest: system getting busier - if last number is highest: system calming down - if 1 minute load more than the 5 or 15 minutes: load increasing - if 1 minute load less than 5 or 15: load decreasing

Question 34

System load

Answer 34

The amount of work the cpu preforms at a given time. So the more processes running the higher your system load.

Question 35

Directory

Answer 35

In linux, we refer to folders as directories. A file that contains another file