chapter one: psych as science

Question 1

who was the first philosopher to make theories in psychology?

Answer 1

aristotle

Question 2

psyche = ?

Answer 2

the mind

Question 3

what is the mind

Answer 3

human behaviour

Question 4

what was the reasoning of “the mind”

Answer 4

thoughts were too complex to just be contained in the brain

Question 5

what was the role of the brain (organ)

Answer 5

cool body, radiator

Question 6

where is memory stored according to Aristotle

Answer 6

the heart

Question 7

what is the heart also involved in

Answer 7

cooling the blood

Question 8

what is mentalism

Answer 8

non-material mind, all thoughts and behaviour is beyond the body, a person’s soul

Question 9

who coined dualism

Answer 9

descartes

Question 10

what did descartes say about the non-material mind

Answer 10

governs advanced thoughts

Question 11

what did descartes say about the brain

Answer 11

it directs basic mechanical behaviours

Question 12

what did immanual kant say about human experience

Answer 12

it is drawn from the structure of the mind. it is still non-material

Question 13

what did immanuel kant say about the structure

Answer 13

all humans share the same basic structure

Question 14

what did charles darwin study

Answer 14

animals, including humans

Question 15

what did darwin say about humans

Answer 15

they are just animals, nothing special

Question 16

how did darwin see behaviours

Answer 16

they are viewed within evolutionary framework

Question 17

what is materialism

Answer 17

the opposite of mentalism, the mind is explained in biological terms and can be compared between species

Question 18

what is natural selection

Answer 18

the difference of traits that will allow advantage to specific species

Question 19

who was francis galton

Answer 19

darwin’s cousin and who is responsible for social darwinism

Question 20

what is social darwinism

Answer 20

humans are different because of genetics, use statistical methods to measure psychological traits by correlation

Question 21

what is nature

Answer 21

everything is genes, if you have genes for it, you will be good at something

Question 22

what is nurture

Answer 22

nothing is predetermined, to get good, you work hard to get it. everything is experience

Question 23

what was the goal of the first psychologists?

Answer 23

create a science of the mind, which would also be respected among the other sciences

Question 24

what did wilhelm wundt say

Answer 24

introduced the first experimental psychology lab and produced data. used different measurement tools to measure the mind based on the five sense and were subjectively asnwered

Question 25

what did ernst weber and gustav fencher introduce

Answer 25

sensitivity thresholds

Question 26

what is absolute threshold

Answer 26

finding the bare minimum of a person's sensory detection tests how often stimulus can be detected but also when it stops being able to detect stimulus

Question 27

what is difference threshold

Answer 27

the just noticeable difference. weber's law, a human phenomenon that can be measured

Question 28

what is an example of the difference threshold

Answer 28

eye doctor appointment, prescriptions

Question 29

what is magnitude estimation

Answer 29

measure of perception of objective reality.

Question 30

what is response compression

Answer 30

an underreaction

Question 31

what is response expansion

Answer 31

an overreaction

Question 32

what is structuralism

Answer 32

an academic approach to think of cognition

Question 33

what was edward titchener's (sturcturalist) goal

Answer 33

determine the basic elements of the conscious mind

Question 34

what is introspection

Answer 34

measuring an experience to achieve objectivity. free of bias

Question 35

what was a rule of titchener for introspection

Answer 35

experimenter must be on the same page with their observer and be able to accurately describe what they are thinking

Question 36

what is fuctionalism

Answer 36

study of the practical applications of the growing field of psychology, the how and why of what the mind is doing

Question 37

what did william james study

Answer 37

studied why humans think the way they do, took darwinian concepts of evolution and adaptation