Chapter One SG Kylene Walsh

Question 1

European Enlightenment

Answer 1

Grew out of the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, a time of amazing discoveries that form the basis of modern science

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

A seventeenth century English thinker

Question 3

“State of Nature”

Answer 3

people are naturally free and equal, but freedom led inevitably to inequality, and eventually to chaos

Question 4

Natural Rights

Answer 4

life, liberty, and property

Question 5

Consent of the Governed

Answer 5

a just government must be ran by it’s people

Question 6

Social Contract

Answer 6

an agreement between rulers and citizens

Question 7

Authoritarian Regimes

Answer 7

rulers fully have control over the government, and often held sway over economic and social institutions as well

Question 8

Democracy

Answer 8

places ultimate political authority in the hands of it’s people

Question 9

Direct Democracy

Answer 9

in this form citizens debate and vote directly on all laws

Question 10

Republic

Answer 10

voted leaders choosing laws for the people

Question 11

Representative Democracy

Answer 11

a republic

Question 12

Indirect Democracy

Answer 12

representative democracy

Question 13

Elite Theory

Answer 13

holds that the “representative democracy” is not really based on the will of the people, but that there is a relatively small, cohesive upper class that make almost all the important decisions for the nation

Question 14

Pluralism

Answer 14

the argument that representative democracies are based on the group interests that protect the individuals interests by representing him/her to the government

Question 15

Articles of Confederation

Answer 15

written by the Continental Congress during the revolutionary war to provide unity for the separate states that loosely formed the new country

Question 16

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 16

Farmer’s rebellion that encouraged leaders to seek stronger government

Question 17

Virginia Plan

Answer 17

delegates from Virginia opened the Convention, that called for a strong central government called the “Virginia Plan”

Question 18

New Jersey Plan

Answer 18

same as the Virginia Plan except for the smaller states

Question 19

Great Compromise (A.K.K: Connecticut Compromise )

Answer 19

called for on house in which each state would have an equal vote (the senate) and a second house (House of Representatives) in which representation will be based on population

Question 20

Three-fifths Compromise

Answer 20

allowed southern states to consider a slave as 3/5 a person allowing a balance between the North and South

Question 21

Electoral College

Answer 21

people selected by each state legislature to formally cast their ballots for the presidency

Question 22

Ratification

Answer 22

formal approval of the constitution by the states

Question 23

Federalists

Answer 23

supported the greatly increased powers of the constitution and believed it protected our individual liberties

Question 24

Anti-Federalists

Answer 24

believed that the proposed government would be to oppressive and it needed to have more individual freedoms explicitly guaranteed

Question 25

Federalist #10

Answer 25

argued that separation of powers and federalism check the growth of tyranny

Question 26

Bill of Rights

Answer 26

added in 1791, it's a list of rights the Constitution must protect

Question 27

Majoritarianism

Answer 27

the tendency to do what the majority of people want

Question 28

Informal Amendment Process

Answer 28

change to the meaning or interpretation of the Constitution, no real informal way to change the Constitution, and it's not an actual change to the wording of the Constitution, it's the way we perceive the Constitution that changes

Question 29

Formal Amendment Process

Answer 29

to change something in the constitution by voting an debating

Question 30

Judicial Review

Answer 30

review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act