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BIO > Chapter ONE. The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter ONE. The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

Macroscopic Anatomy

A

Gross anatomy. Large, easily observed

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Need a microscope to observe

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4
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the body parts work or function

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5
Q

Structural Organization

A
  • Chemical
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • System
  • Organism
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6
Q

Chemical

A

It is the simplest.
Atoms join to form molecules

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7
Q

Cellular

A

Molecules interact to form cells (lowest level at which life exists)

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8
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of similar cells with a common function

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9
Q

Organ

A

Several organs form a system with a specific function

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10
Q

System

A

Several organs form a system with a common function

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11
Q

Organism

A

Sum total of all structural levels that together promote life of the whole organism

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12
Q

Survival needs (5 things)

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Normal body temperature
  • Normal atmospheric pressure
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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain a relative stable internal environment in the presence of a changing external environment

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14
Q

Feedback system (what does it involve: 2 systems)

A
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
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15
Q

What is the three basis components of a Feedback System

A
  • Receptor
  • Control Centre
  • Effector
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16
Q

Receptor

A

A sensor that monitors changes in the environment

17
Q

Control Centre

A

Analyzes the input from the receptor and determines the appropriate response (finds out what proteins are reacting to and finds the best solution to fix the problem)

18
Q

Effector

A

Relays and administers the response (starts the response)

19
Q

Two kinds of Feedback Systems

A
  • Negative Feedback System
  • Positive Feedback System
20
Q

Negative Feedback System

A

Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

21
Q

Positive Feedback System

A

Intensifies the original stimulus
ex. pushes a baby out

22
Q

Body Cavities

A

Spaces in the body that protect, separate, and support the internal organs

23
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial cavity + vertebral (spinal) cavity

24
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic cavity + abdominopelvic cavity

25
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Pericardial cavity + 2 pleural cavities

26
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity

27
Q

Serous membranes

A

Helps to reduce friction. Without this, organs would cause internal damage to eachother

28
Q

Parietal Membrane

A

Lines the cavity

29
Q

Visceral membrane

A

covers the organs within the cavity

30
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Covers wall

31
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

covers wall

32
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

covers the actual heart

33
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers the organs itself

BIO (4 decks)

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