Chapter One: the human body

Question 0

Physiology

Answer 0

The FUNCTION of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

Studies the Structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Question 2

Define regional Anatomy

Answer 2

All the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.

Question 3

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 3

Body structure is studied system by system. for example for the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body.

Question 4

Surface anatomy

Answer 4

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. You use surface anatomy when you identify the bulging muscles beneath a bodybuilder’s skin.

Question 5

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 5

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Question 6

Cytology

Answer 6

study of the Cells of the body

Question 7

Histology

Answer 7

the study of tissues

Question 8

Developmental anatomy

Answer 8

structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.

Question 9

Embryology

Answer 9

Subdivision of developmental anatomy, developmental changes that occur before birth.

Question 10

Renal Physiology

Answer 10

concerns kidney function and urine production

Question 11

Neurophysiology

Answer 11

explains the workings of the nervous system

Question 12

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 12

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels.

Question 13

Cells are the smallest units of living things.

True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Atoms form…

Answer 14

Molecules

Question 15

Molecules form…

Answer 15

Organelles

Question 16

Tissues

Answer 16

are groups of simliar cells that have a common function.

Question 17

The four basic types of tissue in the human body are…

Answer 17

Epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue

Question 18

Epithelium…

Answer 18

covers the body surface and lines it’s cavities.

Question 19

Muscles provide…

Answer 19

movement

Question 20

Connective tissue….

Answer 20

supports and protects body organs

Question 21

Nervous Tissue…

Answer 21

Provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses.

Question 22

Contractility

Answer 22

The muscles cell’s ability to move by shortening

Question 23

ATP

Answer 23

The energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities

Question 24

Integumentary system example

Answer 24

Skin, Hair, nails

Question 25

Skeletal system example:

Answer 25

Joint, bones

Question 26

Muscular System example:

Answer 26

Skeletal muscles

Question 27

Nervous System Example:

Answer 27

Brain, Nerves, spinal cord

Question 28

Endocrine system example:

Answer 28

Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovaries

Question 29

Cardiovascular System examples:

Answer 29

Blood vessels, heart

Question 30

Lymphatic System (immunity) example:

Answer 30

Red Bone Marrow, Thymus, spleen

Question 31

Respiratory system example:

Answer 31

Lung, trachea, Larynx, Pharynx, Nasal cavity

Question 32

Digestive System example:

Answer 32

Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 33

Urinary system example:

Answer 33

Kidney, Urinary bladder, Ureter, Urethra

Question 34

Male reproductive system example:

Answer 34

Prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, Ductus deferens

Question 35

Female reproductive system example:

Answer 35

Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube

Question 36

7 Survival Needs:

Answer 36

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body Temperature, Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 37

Homeostasis

Answer 37

Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

Question 38

superior

Answer 38

toward the head end

Question 39

Inferior

Answer 39

Away from the head end

Question 40

Ventral

Answer 40

Toward the front of the body

Question 41

Dorsal

Answer 41

Toward the back of the body

Question 42

Medial

Answer 42

Toward the midline of the body

Question 43

Lateral

Answer 43

Away from the midline of the body

Question 44

Intermediate

Answer 44

Between a more medial and lateral structure

Question 45

Proximal

Answer 45

closer to the origin of the body part

Question 46

Distal

Answer 46

Farther from the origin of the body part

Question 47

Superficial

Answer 47

toward or at the body surface

Question 48

deep (internal)

Answer 48

Away from the body surface; more internal

Question 49

Axial

Answer 49

Makes up the main axis of our body, includes head, neck and trunk

Question 50

Appendicular

Answer 50

consists of the appendages or limbs

Question 51

Sagittal Plane

Answer 51

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Question 52

Median Plane or midsagittal plane

Answer 52

exactly in the midline

Question 53

Parasagittal plane

Answer 53

offset from the midline

Question 54

Frontal planes

Answer 54

divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. a frontal plane is also called a coronal plane

Question 55

Transverse or horizontal plane

Answer 55

run horizontally from right to left

Question 56

Oblique section

Answer 56

cuts made diagonally

Question 57

the wrist is _______ to the elbow

Answer 57

Distal

Question 58

The ears are _______ to the eyes

Answer 58

Lateral

Question 59

The knee is _______ to the ankle

Answer 59

Proximal

Question 60

the eyes are _______ to the bellybutton

Answer 60

Superior

Question 61

The sternum is ______ to the spinal column

Answer 61

Anterior

Question 62

The body needs what for survival?

Answer 62

Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure and oxygen

Question 63

The world cervical pertains to what region of your body?

Answer 63

Neck

Question 64

The ____cavity houses and protects the bodies internal organs?

Answer 64

Ventral

Question 65

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called _______ anatomy.

Answer 65

Gross

Question 66

Principle of complimentarity states that ________

Answer 66

anatomy and physiology are inseparable

Question 67

During exercise the body cools itself by sweating. Sweating in response to an elevated body temp is an example of what process?

Answer 67

Homeostasis

Question 68

A leg amputation would require a cut in which plane?

Answer 68

Transverse

Question 69

The _______system protects underlying organs from environmental damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

Answer 69

Integumentary

Question 70

the _____system controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.

Answer 70

Endocrine