Chapter S Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the perinatal environment?
The environment surrounding birth.
Describe the first stage of labour.
The period of the birth process lasting from the first regular uterine contractions until the cervix is fully dilated.
Describe the second stage of labour.
The period of the birth process during which the fetus moves through the birth canal and emerges from the mom’s body. Also called delivery.
How long does the first stage of labor last?
8-14 hours for firstborn children and 3-8 hour for laterborns.
What is the third stage of labour?
Expulsion of the placenta (afterbirth.)
How does a fetus adapt to the stressful ordeal of birth?
Activating hormones which increase heart rate and flow of oxygenated blood to the brain (helps withstand oxygen deprivation)
Also ensures they are born awake and ready to breathe.
What is the Apgar test?
A quick assessment of newborn’s heat -rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, and reflexes that is used to gauge perinatal stress and to determine whether a neonate requires immediate medical assistance.
Each characteristic is rate 0-2 and totalled.
Test is repeated 5 minutes later.
Infants 7 or higher are good; 4 or lower are in distress.
What is the neonatal behavioral assessment scale?
A test that assesses a neonate’s neurological integrity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
Assesses the strength of 20 inborn reflexes & changes in infant’s reactions to comforting and other social stimuli.
Where did the natural childbirth movement come from?
Work of Grantly Dick-Read in England
Where did the prepared childbirth movement come from?
Fernand Lamaze in France
Moms who have more knowledge, training, and confidence:
Require less medication and have fewer interventions
What is one benefit of natural and prepared childbirth?
Social support from parters and other close companions
What is a birthing centre?
Hospital birthing room or other independent facility that provides a home-like atmosphere for childbirth but still makes medical technology available.
Women who deliver at home have:
Shorter labours and use less medication than those who deliver in hospitals
Doulas and midwives result in:
Births with less maternal pain, greater satisfaction with the birth experience, and shorter births with less medical interventions.
Marshall Lars and John kennell believe that which time period is a sensible period for emotional bonding?
The first 6-12 hours after birth.
Engrossment:
Paternal analogue of maternal emotional bonding
3 important birth complications that can adversely influence a baby’s development:
Anoxia
Low birth weight
Premature delivery
Anoxia:
Lack of sufficient oxygen to the brain; may result in neurological damage or death.
Can occur because umbilical cord gets squeezed or tangled during birth; when the placenta separates prematurely; it mucus ingested during birth gets stuck in baby’s throat.
Breech birth:
A delivery in which the fetus emerges feet first or buttocks first instead of head first.
RH Factor:
A blood protein that, when present in a fetus but not the mother, con cause the mother to produce antibodies. These antibodies may then attack red blood cells of subsequent fetuses who have the protein in their blood.
What are the 2 kinds of low- birth-weight babies?
Preterm infants and small-for-date / small-for-gestational-age babies
Respiratory distress syndrome:
Serious condition in which a preterm infant breathes very irregularly and is at risk of dying.
Also called hyaline membrane disease.
Babies in ICU become less irritable and more responsive and show quicker neurological and mental development if:
They are periodically rocked, stroked, massaged, or soothed by the sound of a mother’s voice.
