Chapter Seven Worksheet

Question 1

Effects produced by reactive free radicals, which are created by the interaction of radiation with a water molecule

Answer 1

Indirect Action

Question 2

The cell dies if inactivation of the master molecule occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer 2

Target Theory

Question 3

Solitary atoms or most often a combination of atoms that behave as extremely reactive single entities as a result of the presence of unpaired electrons

Answer 3

Free Radicals

Question 4

Used to calculate the equivalent dose to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage

Answer 4

Radiation Weighting Factor (Wr)

Question 5

Loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain

Answer 5

mutation

Question 6

Lesions that result when irradiation occurs early in interphase, before DNA synthesis takes place

Answer 6

Chromosomes Aberrations

Question 7

Describes the relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction

Answer 7

RBE

Question 8

Chemical unions created between atoms by the cingle sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 8

Covalent Cross-Links

Question 9

Programmed cell death

Answer 9

Apoptosis

Question 10

The radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation

Answer 10

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 11

Ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biological responce of cells or organisms in an oxygen-depreived enviroment to the dose required to cause an identical response under normal oqygenated conditions.

Answer 11

OER

Question 12

Method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation

Answer 12

Cell Survival Curve

Question 13

Lesions that result when irradiation of individual chromatids occurs later in interphase, after DNA synthesis takes place.

Answer 13

Chromatid aberrations

Question 14

Biologic damage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on master, or key, molecules (e.g. DNA), which causes these molecules to become inactive or functionally altered.

Answer 14

Direct Action

Question 15

Average energy deposited per unit lenghth of track

Answer 15

LET

Question 16

The breaking of one or both of the sugar-phosphate chains of DNA molecule, which can be caused by exposure of the molecule to ionizing radiation

Answer 16

Chromosome Breakage

Question 17

Branch of biology concearned with the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems

Answer 17

Radiation Biology

Question 18

Injury on the molecular level resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer 18

Molecular Damage

Question 19

Female and male reproductive cells

Answer 19

Germ Cells

Question 20

A hydrogen radical and a hydroxyl radical

Answer 20

H* and OH*

Question 21

Genetic mutation in which the chromosome is not broken but the DNA within is damaged

Answer 21

Point Mutation

Question 22

A hydroperoxyl radical

Answer 22

HO₂*

Question 23

An organic neutral free radical

Answer 23

R*

Question 24

OH*+OH*=H₂O₂, a substance that is poisonous to the cell

Answer 24

Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 25

Exposing a cell to as little as 0.01 Gy (1 Rad) of ionizing radiation just before it begins dividing can result in failure of the cell to start dividing on time

Answer 25

Miotic Delay

Question 26

What is the traditional unit used to measure radiation dose in ANY object, living or non-living?

Answer 26

Rad

Question 27

The SI Unit that would be used in a nuclear Medicine Department?

Answer 27

Becquerel (Bq)

Question 28

Traditional unit of "Ionization in air"

Answer 28

Roentgen (R)