Chapter Six Reading Quiz Flashcards

1
Q
A reaction that is defined by building up large molecules from smaller ones is
	endergonic
	catabolic
	oxidizing
	exergonic
	anabolic
A

anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A molecule that enters a process of chemical change is a
	production
	reaction
	product
	reactant
A

reactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
In general, enzymes work by lowering a reaction’s
  thermal energy 
  potential energy 
  activation energy 
  kinetic energy
A

activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A molecule that comes out of a process of chemical change is a
  reaction 
  reactant 
  production 
  product
A

product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
Proteins that act as catalysts in living things are
  enzymes 
  cofactors 
  substrates 
  coenzymes
A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A reaction that by definition requires energy is
  Anabolic 
  Catabolic 
  Endergonic 
  Exergonic 
  Oxidizing
A

Endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Activation energy is
the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started
the difference in energy between reactants and products
the energy released by a reaction

A

the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The energy of work or movement is
potential energy
recyclable energy
kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
The most common energy carrier in the cell is
  metal ions 
  NAD+ 
  ATP 
  nanobatteries 
  Vitamin B6
A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As temperature increases, enzyme activity will
increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease
stop immediately
always decrease
always increase

A

increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
Specific reactants that are recognized by a particular enzyme are the enzyme’s
  products 
  active sites 
  activators 
  substrates 
  substances
A

substrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxidation is defined as the
loss of electrons
gain of electrons

A

loss of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A reaction that by definition releases energy is
  Anabolic 
  Oxidizing 
  Endergonic 
  Exergonic 
  Catabolic
A

Exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The first law of thermodynamics (a.k.a., the law of conservation of energy) states that
Disorder increases with temperature
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms
All systems tend toward maximum disorder and lowest energy
Living systems can maintain order without any energy input

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
If the end of a metabolic pathway regenerates reactants for the first step, the pathway is
  cyclic 
  linear 
  branched 
  cuboidal
A

cyclic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If salt concentration is above or below an enzyme’s optimal level,
enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted
the enzyme may change substrates and catalyze a different reaction
enzyme activity may increase as active sites become saturated with ions
the enzyme will continue to function normally

A

enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted

17
Q
The part of an enzyme that matches the shape of its substrate is the
  allosteric site 
  cofactor 
  transition state 
  active site
A

active site

18
Q

The energy stored in a battery is an example of
kinetic energy
potential energy
recyclable energy

A

potential energy

19
Q
The process by which chemical change occurs is a
  reaction 
  product 
  production 
  reactant
A

reaction

20
Q
A reaction that is defined by breaking large molecules down into smaller ones is
  exergonic 
  catabolic 
  endergonic 
  oxidizing 
  anabolic
A

catabolic

21
Q

substrate

A

each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical

22
Q

oxidation

A

burning or breaking down glucose

23
Q

hydrolysis

A

a molecule of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into smaller molecules.
-add water when breaking down carbs, lipids and proteins.

24
Q

catabolism

A
  • is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.

- releases energy

25
Q

anabolism

A

is the build up of larger molecules from smaller ones.

  • stores energy
  • growth and repair
26
Q

enzymes

A

(catalyst)

that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism, as well in DNA replication and protein synthesis.

27
Q

active site

A

the part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate

28
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of glucose to produce two pyruvic acid molecules without using oxygen

29
Q

anaerobic

A

oxygen not needed

30
Q

aerobic respiration

A
  • breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water
  • oxygen is needed
  • in mitochondria
31
Q

nucleotide

A
  • unit building block of DNA & RNA
  • 5 carbon sugar
  • nitrogen base
  • phosphate
32
Q

RNA messenger

A
  • Carries a gene’s message out of the nucleus

- build protein

33
Q

DNA

A

-stores information (genetic code)
-located in nucleus
-double stranded
A-T, C-G

34
Q

-single stranded
-sugar: ribose
A-U, C-G

A

RNA