Chapter Summaries Flashcards
What was the first responsible government bill and what did it do? Who signed it?
The first bill was the Rebellion Losses Bill that gave families affected by the rebellions money to rebuild their farms. Even though Elgin didn’t agree with the bill, he still signed it because the people wanted it.
What was the leader of the fight for responsible government in Nova Scotia?
Joseph Howe
What caused the depression in 1840?
The Reciprocity Agreement with the US
What did the Royal Proclamation do to Quebec?
It made it so that Quebec was ruled by a governor.
Most of the people to came to Canada during the Great Migration were….
People forced off of their land in Britain
What kind of government did W. L. Mackenzie want?
A US style Republican government
Most of the people who settled in New Brunswick were….
United Empire Loyalists
The Orange Order was mainly composed of….
Irish Protestants loyal to Britain
What did Durham want to do the French culture through union?
He wanted to dilute the French culture.
What did the corn act o to colonial goods?
It gave them preferential treatments in price
What did Macdonald want Canada to be in relation to Britain?
He wanted it to be an auxiliary kingdom of Britain
Newfoundland attended the second confederation conference only because of…
Pressure from Britain
What did the Reform Act of 1832 do?
It made it so that the Middle Class got the vote instead of the nobles. This meant that in order to be elected, members of legislature had to listen to middle class concerns.
What did the Reform Act of 1832 do in relation to colonialism?
Because the political and economic focus was switched to the middle class, Mercantilism and colonialism were slowly phased out, as they were designed to benefit the upper class.
What did the Royal Proclamation do to the Aboriginal people?
It gave them a lot of land (mainly west of the Mississippi River) to use. However, the land was slowly taken back.
What was the community of Upper Canada like?
The main colonial leaders of Upper Canada were either loyalists or members of the British gentry. This led to a very British government that angered many colonists that came to Upper Canada in order to escape Britain.
Who were the family compact?
The family compact was a group of loyalists who controlled the executive council. They also owned the best land in Upper Canada.
What were the Clergy Reserves?
They were pieces of land set aside to aid the Anglican church in financial matters. They took up around 1/7 of the land in Upper Canada.
What caused land disputes in Upper Canada?
Land disputes were mainly caused by the desire of the government to emulate the British system of social class. This angered immigrants who wanted American democracy. However, the government did not like democracy, as it was what caused Britain to lose the US.
What were the ships that the immigrants traveled in to come to Canada?
They were called coffin ships because they were overcrowded and polluted.
What was the oligarchy in Lower Canada called?
The Chateau Clique.
Why was there a need for government reform in both Canada’s?
Because all of the power was placed in the hands of oligarchies, there was no responsibility to the people. The legislative council, which was appointed by members of the oligarchy controlled executive council, could veto any law passed by the legislative assembly.
Who was the person who first spoke out against the oligarchies and what happened to him?
Robert Gourley spoke out against the government and was promptly arrested.
Who was the radical reformer who was appointed to the legislative assembly?
William Lyon Mackenzie, who would later lead the rebellions of 1837.
Describe how successful the 1837 rebellions were.
While the rebellions themselves did not succeed, with many rebels being shipped off to Tasmania as punishment, they forced the British government to look at what was wrong with the colonies in order to prevent future uprisings.
Who was the person appointed to report on the state of Upper and Lower Canada and what did he say in his report?
Lord Durham was appointed to report on the two Canada’s. In his report, he recommended both the union of the two Canada’s and responsible government. Only the union part was taken up by the British.
What happened to the First Nations people after the union of Canada?
The First Nations people were forced to live on reserves. The Gradual Civilization Act also wanted to assimilate the First Nations people by slowly making them British citizens.
Why did the British start to slowly let go of the colonies?
The colonies were becoming very expensive to take care of. Furthermore, the economic protection that mercantilism provided was beginning to hurt the British economy, as it meant that the British could not obtain the cheapest prices for food and other goods.
Why was the threat of American invasion amplified after the American civil war?
The Northern states, which had won the war, had more army than the entire population of the colonies.
Why were the maritime regions originally opposed to confederation? What made them change?
The maritime regions were originally opposed to confederation because of their strong cultural identity. However, after rumors that the states were going to end their reciprocity agreement, the maritime regions began to negotiate confederation.
Who broke the deadlock in government and why did he do it?
George Brown broke the deadlock. He did this because he knew that mercantilism was beginning to end, and Canada had to confederate in order to compete in the emerging free market economy.
What were the confederation conferences and what did they produce?
They were conferences held to negotiate the terms of the confederation. They produced the 72 resolutions, which detailed the terms of confederation.
What act officially created the Dominion of Canada?
The 1867 British North America Act.
How did the British North America Act separate government?
It separated it into the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches.
Who were the two companies involved in the Fur Trade? On which method of travel did they rely upon?
The HBC and the NWC. They both relied on water travel. The HBC used larger sailing ships while the NWC used more traditional canoes modeled upon First Nations canoes.
How were the First Nations involved in the fur trade?
The First Nations became highly involved in all aspects of the fur trade, from trapping to trading and guiding. They were also forced to spend a lot of time away from their families in order to be involved in the trade.
