Chapter ten: Race and ethnicity

Question 1

Defining a minority group as a race, attributing negative characteristics to that group, and then creating the circumstances that keep that group at a disadvantage relative to the majority

Answer 1

Racism

Question 2

Socially defined but on basis of cultural characteristics perceived and real
(ex. religion, traditions, cultural practices, languages)

Answer 2

Ethnicity

Question 3

Racial differences were an outcome of evolutionary differences among races- some more fortunate than others and such a system was not to be manipulated

Answer 3

Social Darwinism

Question 4

Genetic connections with intelligence, diseases, propensity to engage in violence, criminal activities

Answer 4

Eugenics

Question 5

Cultural concepts of race have changed over time and place that makes an individual categorized as black

Answer 5

Hypo-descent rule/one drop/one Black ancestor rule

Question 6

People who were not categorized as white under hypo-descent rule but had lighter skin, hair, and Caucasoid features tried to pass as white to get same privileges of privileged group

Answer 6

Passing

Question 7

Dominant position in terms of wealth, power, prestige (status)

Answer 7

Majority group

Question 8

Subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, prestige (status)

Answer 8

Minority group

Question 9

Generalization about an entire category of people that is thought to apply to everyone in that category

Answer 9

Stereotype

Question 10

Perceived negative attitudes, beliefs, and feelings toward minority groups derived from unfounded stereotypes & opinions

Answer 10

Prejudice

Question 11

Unfavorable, unjust treatment of minorities due to negative stereotypes associated with prejudice (behavior)

Answer 11

Discrimination

Question 12

Unequal, unfair treatment based on race

Answer 12

Racial discrimination

Question 13

Race-based discrimination that is a result of the daily operations of social structures, institutions and associated polices, rules, etc.

Answer 13

Institutional racism

Question 14

Institutions that deny access or limit opportunities for minorities

Answer 14

Institutional discrimination

Question 15

Many groups coexisting without any losing individual or unique qualities

Answer 15

Pluralism

Question 16

Minority group adopts characteristics of the dominant group (ex. mainstream American culture, values) and lets go of traditional customs, native languages

Answer 16

Assimilation

Question 17

Physical and social separation of majority and minority groups
(ex. schools, neighborhoods, restrooms, restaurants)

Answer 17

Segregation

Question 18

Active, systematic attempt at the total elimination of a racial, ethnic, national, or religious group of people
(ex. Native Americans and European colonists, Holocaust, Hutus and Tutsis)

Answer 18

Genocide

Question 19

Racial caricature of an African American woman which was originally utilized during slavery in the U.S.; seen as a rationalization for slavery

Answer 19

Mammy

Question 20

In U.S. comprises mostly white supremacist groups- ex. KKK, skinheads, neo-Nazis

Answer 20

Hate groups

Question 21

Sociologist who practiced social Darwinism

Answer 21

Herbert Spencer