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BIO 1000; Lecture: Exam 1 > Chapter: The Chemistry 0rganic Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter: The Chemistry 0rganic Molecules Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What does an organic molecule contain?

A

Carbon and Hydrogen

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2
Q

How many electrons does carbon have.

A

6

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3
Q

What is a carbon chain of organic molecules called?

A

A skeleton or backbone

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4
Q

What is a function group?

A

A cluster of specific atoms that always react in the same way.

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5
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Two molecules with same chemical formula but different structures.

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6
Q

Different functional groups do what?

A

Act differently.

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7
Q

How are monomers combined?

A

Through dehydration reaction

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8
Q

How do dehydration occur?

A

Take out the h2o

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9
Q

How are polymers broken apart?

A

Through hydrolysis reactions (Add H2O)

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10
Q

What are the 4 major biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic

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11
Q

What is the common carbohydrate ration?

A

1: 2: 3

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12
Q

What kind of energy source is carbohydrates?

A

Quick energy source.

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13
Q

monomers = ?

A

Monosaccharide

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14
Q

Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide =

A

Disaccharide

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15
Q

What type of bonding does inorganic molecules typically have?

A

Ionic bonding

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16
Q

What is inorganic molecules typically associated with?

A

Nonliving matter

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17
Q

When is a molecule considered organic?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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18
Q

How many atoms can carbon bond up to?

A

4 other atoms

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19
Q

C-C bonds are very _______

A

Stable

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20
Q

What is a functional group

A

A cluster of atoms that always react in the same way.

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21
Q

What is a carbon chain of organic molecules?

A

Skeleton or backbone

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22
Q

All organic functional groups are what?

A

Hydrophilic or will absorb in water

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23
Q

When a organic functional groups attaches to a carbon skeleton what happens?

A

The carbon skeleton becomes polar.

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24
Q

What are isomers?

A

Two molecules with same chemical formula but different structures.

Remember = Different functional groups act differently.

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25
What is a monomer?
1 subunit
26
What is a polymer?
many monomers linked together
27
Hydrolysis reaction vs. dehydration reaction.
Hydrolysis = Polymers are broken apart through the addition of h2o Dehydration = Monomers are connected to create a polymer through the extraction of h2o
28
Carbohydrates are a what type of energy source?
A quick energy source?
29
True or False Carbohydrates work as a structure (Structural support).
True
30
What is the monomer name for carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
31
Whats is the main source of energy for our cells?
Glucose
32
What is our main monosaccharide we should know about?
GLucose
33
What is glucose written formula?
C6H12O6
34
What is a disaccharide?
Two sugars combined
35
How is a disaccharide combined?
Through a dehydration reaction of two monosaccharides
36
Carbohydrates two main functions are what?
Quick Energy source and Structural cell support.
37
What are the 2 main energy sources of plants and animals?
Plants: Starched (Amylose and Amylopectin) Animals: Glycogen
38
How is a disaccharide broken apart?
Through a hydrolysis reaction (Adding h2o)
39
Is amylose branched or nonbranched?
Nonbranched
40
What are the two types of starches in plants
Amylose & Amylopectin
41
What is the energy storage for plants?
Starch
42
Is glycogen branched or non branched?
Highly branched
43
Is amylopectin branched or non branched?
Branched
44
Animals have what type of storage?
glycogen
45
What are the 3 structural polysaccharides?
Cellulose Chitin Peptidoglycan
46
What cells does cellulose work as structural molecules?
Plants *Cell Wall*
47
What cells does chitin work as structural molecules?
Animals and fungi
48
What cells does peptidoglycan work as structural molecules?
Bacteria
49
What are fats, oils, and phospholipids?
Lipids
50
Are lips polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar
51
What kind of energy source are lipids?
Long term energy storage
52
Who makes oils?
Plants
53
Who makes fats?
animals
54
What is a triglyceride?
A long term energy storage consists of glycerol and fatty acids. Includes fats and oils
55
What kind of fat contains single covalent bonds?
Saturated fat
56
What kind of fats contains double covalent bonds?
Unsaturated fats
57
What could we group fats and oils into?
Triglycerides
58
If it is made by a plant then we call it what type of lipid?
Oil
59
If it is made by an animal we call it what type of lipid?
Fat
60
What does a phospholipid do?
Helps create the membrane components
61
What is the structure's of phospholipids; polar or nonpolar; hydrophobic or hydrophllic?
Phosphate + glycerol = Polar Head = Hydrophilic Fatty Acids = Tails = Hydrophobic
62
What are the functions of proteins?
Structure, enzyme, nutrient transport, defense, regulation, motion
63
Protiens are polymers of what?
Amino Acid
64
What is an amino group?
H2N or H3N Hydrogen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
65
What is an acid group?
COOH Carbon, Oxygen, Oxygen, Hydrogen
66
Is a protein an organic molecule? If so, why?
It contains carbon and hydrogen.
67
How to identify amino acid?
1) Carbon? 2) Hydrogen? 3) Amino group? (Hydrogen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen) 4) Acid Group? (Carbon, Oxygen, Oxygen, Hydrogen)
68
How are amino acids combined?
Through dehydration reaction.
69
When a dehydration reaction occurs between amino acids, what type of bond is formed?
A covalent petide bond.
70
Explain a peptide bond.
A covalent bond formed between two amino acids created through dehydration reactions.
71
Partial charges in molecules of peptide indicated what?
Potential hydrogen bonds.
72
What is a peptide?
Two or more amino acids
73
What is a dipeptide?
Two peptides
74
What are many peptides called?
Polypeptides
75
What is protein?
polypeptides that have been folded into a particular shape and has functions
76
What bonds do polypeptide bonds make with each other through protein organization?
All of the bonds: Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
77
What is the term for when protein is its correct 3D shape?
Native conformation
78
What is protein that has lost its natural shape?
Denatured
79
Are denatured proteins functional?
No
80
Are hydrogen bonds sensitive to pH and temperature? Why is this important to know?
Yes This is how protein structures are denatured.
81
What is native conformation of protein?
The correct 3D shape!
82
What are the polymers of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleotides
83
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
84
What does RNA mean?
ribonucleic acid
85
What shape is Deixyribonucleic acid?
Double helix
86
What shape is ribonucleic acid?
Single stranded
87
What is the intermediated between DNA and protein?
RNA
88
What are nucleotides?
Monomers of nucleic acids
89
What is the component of nucleotides?
Pentose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base.
90
What kind of sugar is in DNA?
Deoxyribose
91
What kind of sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
92
What are the pyridines? What is the mnemonic? How many rings?
Pyridines sound like a pyramid and a point of a pyramid is super sharp, so sharp that you could CUT yourself on it. C.U.T. cytosine thymine uracil 1
93
What are the purines? How many rings?
Adenine Guanine 2
94
Where does uracil belong?
RNA
95
What nucleic acid does RNA only contain?
Uracil
96
What are the complementary base pairing rules in double-stranded DNA?
``` G = C A = t ``` ``` Guanine = cytosine Adenine = thymine ```
97
Where is uracil located?
In RNA
98
RNA does not contain what?
Thymine
99
DNA contains what, that RNA does not contain?
thymine
100
True or false? ATP is a nucleotide?
Trie
101
What is ATP?
A high-energy molecule
102
How is ATP created
The last phosphate ripped off and creates energy Phosphates are negatively charged; therefore, when together through a covalent bond they try to escape, and when they do through hydrolysis reaction the last phosphate is ripped off and a big energy burst happens. Or, energy can be stored through dehydration reaction and is forced back onto
103
What are the big six?
C, H, O, N, P, S

BIO 1000; Lecture: Exam 1 (3 decks)

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