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Chem 151 > Chapter three > Flashcards

Chapter three Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Is matter smooth?

A

No. Only appears smooth.

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3
Q

What forms matter?

A

Atoms.

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4
Q

atoms

A

submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter

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5
Q

What can atoms do?

A

bond together to form molecules

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6
Q

molecules

A

two or more atoms joined together in a specific geometric arrangement

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7
Q

What are the two types of mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous- uniform varies from one region to another + can see different components
Homogeneous- composition is uniform throughout mixture + cannot see different components

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8
Q

What must both mixtures contain?

A

one element or compound in ratios that can be varied

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9
Q

What are the two different types of pure substances?

A

Elements- substance that CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds- substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed and definite proportion
EX: Water can be broken down into elements

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10
Q

How else can matter be characterized?

A

whether it is a pure substance or mixture

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11
Q

pure substance

A

only composed of one atom or molecule

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12
Q

mixture

A

composition of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions

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13
Q

Liquid molecules

A

molecules are still near each other but free to move around/on top of each other SLIDE

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14
Q

Result of liquid molecules?

A

fixed volumes and indefinite shapes

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15
Q

Gas atoms/molecules

A

molecules separated by large distances and not really in contact with each other

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16
Q

Result of gas molecules?

A

indefinite volumes and indefinite shapes

BUT COMPRESSIBLE LOTS OF EXTRA SPACE TO PUSH OUT

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17
Q

solid molecules

A

packed close together in fixed locations- vibrations possible
NO REAL MOVEMENT

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18
Q

Result of solid molecules?

A

fixed volumes and fixed shapes

INCOMPRESSIBLE!! NOT COMPRESSIBLE!

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19
Q

What can solids be?

A

crystalline and amorphous

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20
Q

crystalline

A

long-range repeating patterns of atoms

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21
Q

amorphous

A

no long range order

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22
Q

What are the three main phases of matter?

A

solids
liquids
gases

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23
Q

NOTE!!

A

when compound undergoes phase change (ice melting) NO bonds are BROKEN or FORMED

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24
Q

Pure substance or mixture?
Mix= homo or het?
Pure= element or compound?
mecury in thermometer

A

pure substance ; element

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25
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? exhaled air
mixture ; homogeneous
26
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? misetrone soup
mixture ; hetergeneous
27
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? sugar
pure substance ; molecule/compound WHY? can't control how sugary sugar is can't control compound = Pure
28
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? a lead weight
pure substance ; element
29
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? seawater
mixture (salt) ; compound (H2O)
30
Pure substance or mixture? Mix= homo or het? Pure= element or compound? distilled water
pure substance; compound (H2O)
31
Physical property
characteristic of substance that does not change its composition -odor, color, texture, boiling point ATOMIC OR MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE
32
Chemical property
characteristic of substance that DOES change its composition when displayed - flammability, reactivity with water - atomic or molecular composition of substance DOES change
33
Physical or chemical? | the tendency of copper to turn green when exposed to air
chemical
34
Physical or chemical? | tendency of automobile paint to fade over time
chemical b/c the paint is decomposing
35
Physical or chemical? | tendency of gasoline to evaporate quickly when spilled
physical
36
``` Physical or chemical? low mass (for given volume) of Al relative to other metals ```
physical
37
when matter does NOT change its chemical composition after a process, it underwent a
Physical change | Ex: ice melting
38
if matter DOES change its chemical composition after a process, it underwent a
Chemical change | Ex: iron rusting
39
What causes chemical changes?
chemical reactions Reactants -----> Products
40
A physical change results in..
a different form of the same substance
41
A chemical change results in..
an entirely different substance
42
Changes- chemical or physical? | copper metal forming a blue solution when dropped into a colorless Nitric acid
chemical change
43
Changes- chemical or physical? | a match igniting a firework
chemical change
44
Law of conservation of mass
matter cannot be created or destroyed | not even during chemical reaction!
45
What fall under the catergory of energy?
components of our universe that don't qualify as matter
46
energy
capacity to do work
47
work
result of any force acting over a distance
48
Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed -energy can be changed from one form into another, or transferred between objects, but the total energy of the universe must remain constant
49
Total energy of a system?
combo of kinetic and potential energy
50
kinetic energy
energy associated with motion
51
potential energy
energy associated with position or composition
52
electrical energy
energy from flow of electrical change
53
thermal energy
energy from random movements of atoms/molecules (more thermal energy = hotter object)
54
chemical energy
a form of potential energy associated with the position and types of chemicals
55
since energy can only be transferred we're always looking at an energy exchange between the..
system (what you're studying) and the surroundings
56
systems with high potential energy tend to undergo a chemical reaction..
to lower their potential energy (unstable)
57
exothermic reaction
chemical reactions that RELEASE energy
58
endothermic reaction
chemical reactions that ABSORB energy | boiling pasta
59
SI unit of energy
joule (J)
60
1 cal
amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g H2O by 1 Celsius

Chem 151 (1 decks)

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