chapter three

Question 1

Roles assigned at birth, cannot be changed

Answer 1

Ascribed Roles

Question 2

Looks for the cause of deviance in the structure of the entire society

Answer 2

Structural Theories

Question 3

look for causes in the processes by which individuals come to commit deviant acts

Answer 3

Processual Theories

Question 4

interactions between individuals or groups of people

Answer 4

Social Interactions

Question 5

socialization

Answer 5

Learning social behaviour throughout your life.

Question 6

Orienting one’s behavior to a set of expectations bound up in a role

Answer 6

Role Playing

Question 7

The decision to adopt a particular social role

Answer 7

Role Taking

Question 8

required behaviour of a status. Habits, beliefs, attitudes

Answer 8

Role prescriptions

Question 9

A role not permitted to an individual because of other roles that the person occupies.

Answer 9

Role proscriptions

Question 10

may arise in situations with complex role demands and where a single person must fulfill multiple roles

Answer 10

Role strain

Question 11

The actual behavior and actions assigned to a role

Answer 11

Role Behavior

Question 12

A role so important to the individual that he or she organizes all the others roles around it

Answer 12

master role

Question 13

a mark of shame or discredit. One of Society’s negative sanctions

Answer 13

Stigma

Question 14

When the deviant tries to justify an act after committing it

Answer 14

Rationalization

Question 15

When a deviant wants to justify the act before commiting the act

Answer 15

Neutralization

Question 16

Seeks instant gratification for our wants and needs. If these needs or wants are not met, a person can become tense, anxious, or angry.
Example: A hungry baby cried until he was fed.

Answer 16

Id

Question 17

Attempts to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially acceptable in the world and recognizes that other people have needs and wants too, and being selfish isn’t good in the long run. Example: Tim really wanted to slug Mark for what he had just said. However, Tim knew if he hit Mark, he would be kicked off the baseball team, and since he loved baseball, he unclenched his fists and walked away.

Answer 17

Ego

Question 18

Based on morals and judgments about right and wrong. Example: Sarah knew she could steal the supplies from work and no one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught.

Answer 18

Superego

Question 19

world of inner feelings that’s unlikely to express themselves in obvious ways through behavior.

Answer 19

Unconscious mind