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CHP 1&2 HUMAN BODY > CHAPTER1&2HUMANBODY > Flashcards

CHAPTER1&2HUMANBODY Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & carries weight, anything you can see; exists in. 3 states: solid, liquid, gas.

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2
Q

All matter living or dead is composed of _______

A

Elements

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3
Q

Element matter is composed of

A

Atoms

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4
Q

More than ____ elements exist

Only _____ needed to exist

A
  1. )100

2. )25

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5
Q

An ____ is the building block of living matter

A

Atom

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6
Q

Atoms are Composed of 3 subatomic particles

A

Protons(+) , neutrons(no charge), & electrons(-)

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7
Q

The arrangement of the atom mimics the ___ & _______

A

Sun & planets

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8
Q

Atomic # is the # of _______ in the nucleus

A

Protons

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9
Q

Atomic mass is determined by the number of _______ & _________ in the nucleus

A

Protons & electrons

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10
Q

Isotope

A
  • They are a variant of chemical elements
  • Same number of protons & different number of neutrons
  • often unstable & their nuclei break down or decay giving off energy
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11
Q

Radioactivity

A

Process of spontaneous breakdown

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12
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Damaging to tissue & are used to destroy cells (chemo)

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13
Q

Chemical

A

The electrical attraction between atoms

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14
Q

3 different type of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, Covalent, & hydrogen

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15
Q

Ionic is caused by a transfer of _________

A

Electrons

Ex- Interaction of sodium & chloride

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16
Q

Covalent involve sharing of __________ by the outer shell as of the atoms.

A

Electrons

Ex- is like joining hands like the joining of water molecules

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17
Q

Hydrogen

A

Involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons.
ex- weak attraction between water molecules

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18
Q

Ion

A

-Atom that carries an electrical charge

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19
Q

How are ions formed

A

When electrons in the outer shell are lost or gained

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20
Q

Cations

A

If the ion is positively charged it is a cation

Ex- sodium is a cation

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21
Q

Anion

A

If the ion is negatively charged it is a anion

Ex- Chlorine ion As a anion is called chloride

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22
Q

Electrolyte

A

Is a substance that forms ions when dissolved in water.
-are capable of conducting an electrical current
Ex- the electrocardiogram (ECG) & the electroencephalogram (EEG) record electrical events in the heart and brain

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23
Q

Ionization

A

-when electrolyte splits or breaks apart in a solution
-only electrolytes ionize
-the electrolyte dissociate (break apart)
The product is ions- NaCl> Na+ Cl-
Na+(sodium) Cl- (chloride)

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24
Q

What is a basic degree of acidity for a human

A

7.35-7.45

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25
Mixture w/ large particle
Suspension
26
Anatomy
Identification & description of the structures of living things.
27
Physiology
Branch of biology that deals w/ the normal functions of living organisms & their parts.
28
Integumentary system
Consist of skin & related structure - hair & nails - regulates body temp., provides sensory input, secretion/excretion - mechanical barrier between body/environment
29
Skeletal system
- Framework of body - bones, joint & cartilage - protect & support body organ
30
Three types of muscle
Skeletal;voluntary control;striated muscles attached to the bones Smooth;involuntary control; found in organ & tubes Cardiac;involuntary control; heart muscle; coordinated contractions in sequence guided by electrical impulse from pacemaker cells
31
Nervous system
- Consists of brain, spinal chord, nerves, & sense organs - Sensory nerves receive info (TEA/GOSSIP) from the environment, so then the sensory goes to tell spinal cord & brain. (TEA IS WHERE THE IT IS INTERPRETED) - Decisions made by brain & spinal cord are transmitted> along motor nerves to various body structure.
32
Endocrine system
- System of glands that secrete hormones - messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system
33
In vertebrae’s the _______ is the neural control center
Hypothalamus
34
Circulatory system
Consist of blood, heart, & blood vessel. -heart pumps> transports blood(blood vessels) throughout the body Blood carries nutrients & oxygen to all the bodies cells & carries waste to organs of excretion
35
Lymphatic system
-control fluid balance & defense of the body against pathogens/foreign material. Ex- Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels,lymph, lymphatic organs.
36
Immune system
Protects body from pathogens,allergens, & when own cells run amok. (Cancer)
37
Respiratory system
- conducts air in & out of body | - consists of lungs & other structures that bring oxygen rich air into the lungs for air exchange.
38
Digestive System
- Organs designed to ingest food & break it down into substance that can be absorbed by the body - food that is not absorbed is eliminated as waste
39
Urinary system
-Contain kidneys & other structures that can help excrete waste productions from urine.
40
Male Reproductive System
Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis
41
Female reproductive system
Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, endometrium cervix, vagina
42
Cranial Cavity
Houses the brain
43
Vertebral cavity
Houses the spinal cord
44
Dorsal body cavity
BACK SIDE CAVITY
45
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
FRONTSIDE CAVITY
46
Thoracic cavity
-Chest Cavity
47
Mediastinum
-Contains heart, thymus gland, parts of esophagus, trachea, & large blood vessels
48
Pericardial cavity
Contains heart
49
Pleural cavity
Contains lungs
50
Abdominal cavity
-stomach, most intestine, liver, gall bladder, spleen, kidneys, & pancreas
51
Pelvic cavity
Remainder of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder & internal parts of reproductive system
52
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
53
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
54
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
55
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
56
9 regions on stomach
Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, left hypochondriac region. Right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, Right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region
57
Oral cavity
Mouth
58
Nasal cavity
Nose
59
Orbital cavities
Eyes
60
Middle ear cavity
In ear
61
Cranial cavity
On head
62
Frontal sinuses
Above eyebrows
63
Homeostasis
-The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing environment. Ex - blood sugar staying WNL regardless of how much one has consumed
64
Homeostatic imbalance results in _______ & ________
Disease & dysfunction
65
Hypothalamus regulates the internal environment primarily through a ______ ________ _________
Negative feedback mechanism
66
Sagittal
Symmetrical; right & left side cut in half
67
Frontal (coronal) plane
Side to side | From one side of the shoulder to the other
68
Transversal plane
Divides the body into superior & inferior parts
69
Anatomical position
``` Body is upright Directly facing observer Feet flat & directed forward Upper limbs are at the bodies side Palms facing forward ```
70
Superior
Means higher | Ex- the head is superior to the neck
71
Inferior
Means lower | Ex-the umbilicus is inferior to the sternum
72
Anterior (ventral)
Front or direction toward the front of the Body
73
Posterior (Dorsal)
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body
74
Medial
Towards the midline
75
Lateral
Away from the midline
76
Distal to proximal
Hand to shoulder | Elbow to shoulder
77
Deep
Structures closer to the interior center of the body.
78
Superficial
Structures that are closer to the exterior surface of the body
79
Central
Part is located in center | Ex- brain, spinal chord
80
Peripheral
Means away from the center | Ex- nerves
81
Molecule
When two or more atoms bond (two identical)
82
Compound
Substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms
83
Chemical reaction
Atoms interacting to form a new chemical combination catalysts
84
Catalysts
Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction | Is needed in most chemical reaction
85
Chemical reaction - Catalysts
C6H2O6+O2 > CO2+H20 = 38 ENERGY | glucose + oxygen, carbon dioxide
86
PH scale
- Measures degree of acidity or alkalinity - Indicates how many hydrogen ions are in the solution - Scale ranges from 0-14 - Midpoint of scale is 7
87
Mixtures
-Substances that can be separated -by physical means-retain original properties components
88
Solution
Mixtures where substances are evenly distributed, is always clear. Ex-Salt water
89
Solute Solvent Solution
- Salt - Water - Salt Water
90
Energy Transport- ATP
1. ) ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE 2. )ENERGY TRANSFER MOLECULE 3. ) MADE UP OF BASE, SUGAR, 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS 4. ) SPLITS WHEN THE BODY NEEDS IT TO PRODUCE TO ENERGY
91
Oxygen
- also known as O2 - a molecule composed of 2 oxygen atoms - the air we breathe contains 21% of oxygen - essential for life - used by cells to liberate energy from the food we eat. - Main reason for CPR
92
Carbon Dioxide
- known as CO2 - a compound or 1 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms - waste product - must be eliminated from the body - created after food is chemically broken down for energy

CHP 1&2 HUMAN BODY (2 decks)

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