Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Special Senses > Chapter14 > Flashcards

Chapter14 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Perception

A

Conscious awareness of sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Sensation

A

Process initiated by stimuli acting on sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Senses

A

Means by which the brain receives information about the environment and the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General senses two groups

A

Somatic senses and visceral senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Somatic senses

A

Touch, pressure, itch, vibration, temperature, proprioceptive, pain, sensory info about body and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception of position and movement of parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Visceral senses

A

Information about various internal organs, mostly pain and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Special senses

A

Specialized in structure, nerve endings, localized to specific conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to mechanical stimuli: compression, bending, stretching of cells. Touch tickle, itch, vibration, pressure, proprioception, hearing, balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Respond to chemical, smell and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Respond to changes in temperature, necessary for sense of temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Respond to light striking the receptor cells and are necessary for vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Novices toes

A

Respond to extreme mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cutaneous receptors

A

Associated with the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visceroreceptors

A

Associated with viscera or organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Associated with joints, tendons and other connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Responsible for sensations including pain, temperature, itch and movement. Abundant in epithelial and connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cold receptors

A

Free nerve ending responsible for temperature detection respond to 3 types of sensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Warm receptors

A

Increases its rate of action potential production as skin temp increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pain receptors

A

Stimulated by extreme cold or heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Merle’s disk

A

Consists of atonal branches that end as flattened expansions, each associated with a specialized epithelial cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hair follicle receptors

A

Respond to very slight bending of the hair and are involved in light touch. Extremely sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pacifism corpuscles

A

Receptors resemble onions, single dendrite extend to center. Located in subcutaneous tissue, responsible for deep cutaneous pressure and vibration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Meissen corpuscles

A

Distributed throughout dermal papillae, involved in two point discrimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Two point discrimination
Ability to detect simultaneous stimulation of meissner corpuscles in 2 distinct receptor fields by touching 2 points on the skin
25
Riffing end organs
Located in the dermis of the skin, primarily in finger, respond to pressure and touch
26
Muscle spindles
Consist of 3-10 specialized muscle fibers, located in skeletal muscles, they provide info about length of muscles
27
Golgi tendon organs
Proprioceptive receptors assoc with the fibers of tendons near junction between muscles and tendons. Activated by increase in tendon tension.
28
Receptor potential
If receptor potential reaches threshold, an action potential is produced and is propagated toward CNS.
29
Primary receptors
Sensory receptor cells that conduct action potentials in response to the receptor potential
30
Secondary receptors
Have no axon or short axon like projection and generally produce receptor potentials
31
Adaptation
Decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus.
32
Tonic receptors
Slowly adapting receptors.Generate action potential as long as a stimulus is applied and adapt very slowly
33
Phasic receptors
Rapid adapting receptors, adapt rapidly and are most sensitive to changes in stimuli.
34
Anterolateral system
Is one of two major systems that convey cutaneous sensory information to the brain.
35
Spinothalamic tract
Ascending pathway. Carries pain and temperature information as well as light touch and pressure,tickle and itch sensations.
36
Spinoreticular tract
Ascending pathway responsible for pain.
37
Spinomesencephalic tract
Ascending pathway responsible for pain and touch.
38
Primary neurons
Cell bodies of the spinothalamic tract are in dorsal root ganglia. Primary neurons relay sensory input from periphery to posterior horn of spinal cord, where they synapse with interneurons.
39
Secondary neurons
Axons cross to opposite side of the spinal cord through the anterior portion of the gray and white commissures and enter the spinothalamic tract.
40
Tertiary neurons
Tertiary neurons from the thalamus project to the somatic sensory cortex.
41
Spinotectal tract
Ends I the superior colliculi of the midbrain and transmits action potentials involved in reflexes that turn eyes toward point of cutaneous r stimulation.
42
Dorsal-column/ medial-lemniscal system
Carries the sensation of two point discrimination, proprioception, pressure, and vibration
43
Fasciculis gracious
Conveys sensation from nerve endings below the mid thoracic level
44
Fasciculis cuneatus
Conveys impulses from nerve endings above the mid thorax
45
Nucleus gracilis
Fasciculis gracilis terminates by synapsing with secondary neurons in the nucleus gracilis or with neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tracts.
46
Necleus cuneatus
Fasciculi a cuneatus primarily terminates by synapsing with secondary neurons in the( nucleus cuneatus)
47
Trigeminothalamic tract
Made up primarily of afferent fibers from the trigeminal nerve, joined by a few tactile afferent fibers from the ear and tongue carried by cranial nerves VII, IX and sometimes X.
48
Spinocerebellar tracts
Carry proprioceptive information to the cerebellum, where information concerning actual movements can be monitored and compared with cerebral info representing intended movements
49
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
Originates in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions and contains uncrossed nerve fibers that enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncles
50
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Carries info from lower trunk and lower limbs and contain both crossed and uncrossed nerve fibers that enter the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
51
Primary sensory areas
Sensory pathways projected to specific areas of cerebral cortex, where the sensation is perceived.
52
Primary somatic sensory cortex
General sensory area, occupies most of the post central gyrus.
53
Homunculus
The pattern of the primary somatic sensory cortex in each hemisphere that forms an upside doe half little human
54
Projection
The brain refers a cutaneous sensation to the superficial site at which the stimulus interacts with the sensory receptors
55
Taste area
Primary sensory area, cerebral cortex, insula
56
Olfactory cortex
Inferior surface of temporal lobe. Both conscious and unconscious responses to Odor
57
Primary auditory cortex
Superior part of temporal lobe
58
Visual cortex
Occipital lobe
59
Association areas
Cortical areas immediately adjacent to primary sensory areas
60
Somatic sensory association area
Posterior to primary somatic sensory cortex
61
Visual association area
Anterior to visual cortex
62
Voluntary movements
Depend on upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons
63
Upper motor neurons
Connect to Lowe motor neurons directly through interneurons
64
Lower motor neurons
Axons that leave central nervous system and extend to PNS
65
Primary motor cortex
Control many voluntary movements, especially fine motor movements of the hand (precentral gyrus)
66
Premotor area
Anterior to primary motor area, motor functions are organized before entering primary motor cortex
67
Prefrontal area
Motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements. Regulation of emotional behavior and mood.
68
Direct pathways
Descending motor fibers, maintains muscle tone, speed and precision of skilled movements. Only in mammals
69
Indirect pathway
Descending motor fibers, control more primitive movements of trunk and limbs
70
Pyramids of medulla
Formed by direct pathways. Corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tract
71
Corticobulbar tract
Movements of head and neck
72
Corticospinal tract
Controls movements below the head.

Special Senses (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions