Chapter3- The Cell

Question 1

Lysosome

Answer 1

Break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.they are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 2

Ribosome

Answer 2

Proteins are assembled here(ribosomes)

Question 3

Golgi apparatus

Answer 3

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Question 4

Mitochondria (sg. Mitochondrion)

Answer 4

Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Portion outside of the nucleus

Question 6

Eukaryote

Answer 6

Enclose their DNA in nuclei

Question 7

Prokaryote

Answer 7

Cells that don’t enclose DNA in nuclei

Question 8

Cell theory

Answer 8

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

Produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane

Question 11

Chloroplasts

Answer 11

Capture energy from sun-light and convert it into food that contains energy in a process called photosynthesis

Question 12

Smooth ER

Answer 12

Synthesis of lipids including cholesterol and phospholipids

Question 13

Rough ER

Answer 13

Protein production,protein assembling

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

Transport materials within the cytoplasm

Type of vacuole

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Helps maintaining shape and is also involved in movement

Question 16

Selectively permeable(semipermeable)

Answer 16

Some substances can pass through(cross) them n others cannot

Question 17

Similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Answer 17

The similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells : ribosomes, DNA,cytoplasm

The difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells: membrane bound organelles(P->no organelles E-> membrane bound organelles)

Question 18

Similarities between plant and animals

Answer 18

Everything the same except for the chloroplasts,central vacuole, cell wall, and lysosome

Plants: chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall
Animals: lysosome

Question 19

Cell membrane

Answer 19

A thin, flexible barrier

Question 20

Cytosine

Answer 20

The aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 21

Nucleoid

Answer 21

Irregularly shaped region within the cell that contains genetic material

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

A small dense spherical structure rewrite ribosomes and combine with proteins

Question 23

Organelle

Answer 23

Any number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

Question 24

Central vacuole

Answer 24

The hold materials and wastes; proper pressure and support