Chapter_001

Question 1

What is the evolution of nursing and nursing education from early civilization to the 20th century?

Answer 1

A historical progression highlighting changes in care, education, and societal roles.

Question 2

Who are the major leaders of nursing history in America?

Answer 2

Florence Nightingale, Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, Mary Ann Ball, Linda Richards, Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Dock, Mary Eliza Mahoney, Lillian D. Wald, Mary Adelaide Nutting, Mary Breckenridge.

Question 3

What significant changes occurred in nursing during the 21st century?

Answer 3

Demographic changes, women’s health care issues, men in nursing, minority nurses, human rights, medically underserved, nursing shortage.

Question 4

What societal influences have impacted nursing?

Answer 4

Cultural expectations, economic factors, technological advances, and public health needs.

Question 5

What are the major organizations in nursing?

Answer 5

National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES), National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN), National League for Nursing (NLN), American Nurses Association (ANA).

Question 6

What are the three purposes of the National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES)?

Answer 6

1. Promote practical nurse education
2. Establish standards for nursing practice
3. Advocate for the interests of practical nurses.

Question 7

What are the three purposes of the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)?

Answer 7

1. Promote the practice of licensed practical nursing
2. Provide a voice for LPNs
3. Advocate for educational opportunities for LPNs.

Question 8

What factors have changed nursing?

Answer 8

1. How we care for the sick
2. Relationship with environment
3. Search for knowledge through education
4. Recognition of preventative care value
5. Technological advances.

Question 9

What characterized the care of the sick during early civilization?

Answer 9

Evolution of concepts of health, wellness, illness, and ancient practices.

Question 10

What were the characteristics of nursing education in the Nineteenth Century?

Answer 10

Overcrowded hospitals, poor hygiene, untrained personnel, women of ‘proper upbringing’ not working, inmates or prostitutes serving as nurses.

Question 11

Who is Florence Nightingale?

Answer 11

Known as ‘Lady with the Lamp,’ credited as the first nursing theorist, established a nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London.

Question 12

What is the Nightingale Plan?

Answer 12

A plan established by Florence Nightingale to promote new standards of nursing education.

Question 13

What changes occurred in nursing during the Twentieth Century?

Answer 13

Licensing of nursing, establishment of NLN, impacts of World War I and II, and the rise of contemporary nursing.

Question 14

What was the impact of World War I and II on nursing?

Answer 14

Increased demand for nurses and changes in nursing roles and education.

Question 15

What is the National League for Nursing (NLN)?

Answer 15

An organization that established nursing education standards and accreditation for nursing programs.

Question 16

What is the significance of the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN)?

Answer 16

An exam that, when successfully completed, awards licensure for practical nurses.

Question 17

What does practical and vocational nursing entail?

Answer 17

Direct services provided under supervision of an RN, including basic therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive care.

Question 18

What are the components of the health care system?

Answer 18

Agencies, facilities, and providers involved within a specified geographic area.

Question 19

What is the Wellness-Illness Continuum?

Answer 19

A range of a person’s total health, illustrating that each individual’s position is ever-changing.

Question 20

What does Maslow’s Model of Health and Illness include?

Answer 20

1. Physiologic
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belongingness
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization.

Question 21

What are the three organized levels of health promotion?

Answer 21

1. Maintain wellness
2. Prevent disease-related complications
3. Reduce infirmity associated with disease states.

Question 22

What is the focus of continuity of care?

Answer 22

Patient-centered care and effective navigation of the health care delivery system.

Question 23

Who are the participants in the health care system?

Answer 23

Professional health care specialists, registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical/vocational nurses, caregivers, technologists, medical technicians, paraprofessionals.

Question 24

What economic factors affect health and illness?

Answer 24

Rising health care costs, aging population, advances in technology, health care insurance, malpractice insurance.

Question 25

What social and environmental factors affect health and illness?

Answer 25

Financial hardships, lifestyle choices, social pressures, personal behavior.

Question 26

What rights are included in health promotion?

Answer 26

Right to health care without discrimination, treatment of disease, health promotion, preventive medicine.

Question 27

What is the interdisciplinary approach to health care?

Answer 27

Development of comprehensive care plans, effective communication, accurate documentation.

Question 28

What are the four major concepts of nursing care models?

Answer 28

1. Nursing 2. Patient 3. Health 4. Environment.

Question 29

How has the role of the LPN/LVN expanded over time?

Answer 29

Influenced by state nurse practice acts, changes in health care agencies, worker availability, and patient needs.

Question 30

What are the responsibilities of an LPN/LVN?

Answer 30

Plan care based on nursing diagnoses, demonstrate a caring approach, implement patient care under supervision.