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Sociolgy 101 > Chapters 1,2,3,5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1,2,3,5 Flashcards

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1
Q

social science

A

To understand the social world.Study human relationships

Ex:psych,anthropology

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2
Q

Subculture

A

Much more accepted;distinguishable clothing/attitude

Ex:sports teams,Greek life at Gettysburg

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3
Q

Counterculture

A

Opposed to main stream culture

Distinctive but oppose

Ex:hippies,terrorists

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4
Q

Martineau

A
  • She was an English philosopher
  • Wrote the 1st sociological methods book
  • translated Comte’s ideas to English increasing exposure to his ideas
  • became advocate for the abolition of slavery
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5
Q

Jane addams

A

Created the Hull house
-this was where hundreds of people stayed
Instrumental in founding the NAACP
Couldn’t do much since she was a women

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6
Q

Real culture

Vs.

Ideal culture

A

Real culture
-how things actually are

Ex:same sex partners w kids, living in apartment

Ideal culture
-different from what they actually are

Ex: American family with 2 kids, dog , house and white fence

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7
Q

Gestures

A

Ways in which we communicate with our body

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8
Q

Science

A

A way of obtaining knowledge by applying systematic methods

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9
Q

Herbert spencer

A

Introduced “survival of the fittest”
-most capable members survive while the less capable die out

“Social Darwinism”

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10
Q

Macro-level analysis

A

Large scale patterns of society

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11
Q

The move

A

This was when sociology comes to the USA and Canada in the late 1800’s

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12
Q

Natural science

A

To comprehend,predict, and explain events in our natural world

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13
Q

W.E.B Dubois

A
  • 1st African American to get a Ph.D at Harvard
  • social activist/author
  • taught at university of Atlanta
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14
Q

Core values

A

Central key values that are held by everyone

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15
Q

Sociological perspective

A

The context of both history and culture are very important to how we view things and how we understand them.

your perspective is influenced by your historical/cultural time period

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16
Q

Culture shock

A

A feeling of disorientation when moving from one culture to another

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17
Q

Symbols

A

Meaning is assigned to it and is used to communicate

Language structures the way we think

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18
Q

Public sociology

A

Applying sociology for the public good

Target audience:policy makers

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19
Q

Functionalism

A

Macro-sociology,big picture theories

The structure of society
How people function in it to work together

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20
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Not every culture sees or believes the same things as other cultures

Can be expressed in many different ways

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21
Q

Micro-level analysis

A

Examining the small patterns of society

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22
Q

Albion small

A

Founded the first department of sociology at the university of Chicago

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23
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Founder of functionalism

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24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Seeing and judging another culture by your own culture standards

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25
Cultural universal
Things that are present in every group -this could be values,norms,traits Ex:every person has to eat *they may take different forms in how to do it*
26
Basic sociology
Focuses on gaining knowledge about people Construct theories;test hypothesis Target audience:sociologists
27
Folkways
Minor norms | Not strictly enforced
28
Society
Group of people who share a culture and territory
29
Cultural relativism
Seeing and judging another culture by their own standard
30
Sociology
The study of society and human behavior/human interaction
31
Karl Marx
Believed in the conflict theory This was the struggle between workers and capitalists Bourgeoise(capitalists) owned means of production Proletariat(workers) did not own means of production
32
Taboo
Extreme cultural "no-no's" Ex:cannibalism
33
August Comte
Founder of sociology "We should use the scientific method to study people"-positivism
34
Applied sociology
Using sociology to solve problems Need to focus on social reform+change Ex:W.E.B Dubois + Jane Addams Target audience:organization seeking change
35
Mores
More strictly enforced Ex:murder
36
Norms
They are expectation for behavior 3 norms Folkway Mores Taboo
37
Values
Standards used to judge what is good/ bad + what is right/wrong Norms _________ Values are determined by norms Values
38
Socialization
"A process that is life long" Taking on the culture Learning norms,values,society Process by which people learn the characteristics of a group
39
Feral children
Children isolated from human contact | Ex:Jeanie locked in closet
40
Institutionalize children
Children raised in group home settings Ex:orphanage
41
Deprived animals
Baby monkey in isolation Choose which monkey to be fed by 1) furry monkey -choose this 2) wired monkey
42
Looking glass-self
Came up by C.H Cooley We all have social mirrors Internalizing ideas of others into our concept of self Reflect on how others think of us
43
George Herbert mead | 3stages of development of sense of self
Talks about taking the role of the other Putting yourself into someone's shoes 3 Stages 1. imitation stage(0-3)- 2. play stage(3-6)-want to take role of other people..... ex:girls want to be a princess 3. game stage(7-8)-team/group play.....ex:have to learn how to play all positions
44
Piagets cognitive development
4 stages 1.sensorimotor(0-2) 2.preoperational(2-7)-ability to use symbols Ex:learn to read,ABC's, count 3. concrete operational(7-12)-need concrete examples 4. formal operational(12+)-abstract reasoning
45
Sigmund Freud | Development of the personality
Development of the personality 1. iD-basic drives 2. ego-balancer 3. superego-internalized norms/values
46
Id
Freud Basic drives Ex:food,water,sex
47
Superego
Freud Internalized norms/values,conscience
48
Ego
Freud Balance needs of id/ conditions of ego
49
Culture
A total way of life for people | Values,norms,behaviors characterize a group
50
Material culture
Things or objects Ex:clothes,technology,cars,flags
51
Non-material culture
Beliefs or ideas, a way of thinking Ex:honor code
52
Scientific method
This is employed by all sciences Use of 5 senses in order to observe,hypothesis,theories,replication,research *if you can't use it with five senses,it can't be accessed by the scientific method*
53
Sanctions
Expressions for approval or disapproval given to people
54
Negative sanction
Disapproval for breaking a norm Ex:fine,jail,frown
55
Positive sanction
A reward or positive reaction for following norms Ex:high five,smile,prize, money
56
Max Weber
Prolific sociological writer "Symbolic interaction" -society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning,develop views of world&I communicate with each other
57
Secondary analysis
Analysis of data that has been collected by other researchers
58
Symbolic interactionism
Society is viewed as composed of symbols that people used to establish meaning,develop views of world, and communication with other This is micro theory and they look at society from the bottom
59
Case study
Analysis on a single event, situation or individual
60
Conflict theory
Macrosociology - normal operation of society isn't smooth functioning,rather conflict - people conflict for scare resources Ex:teen tries to change rules to gain independence
61
Fieldwork
This is when the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening
62
Analysis of documents
Documents that have been in-analyzed
63
Open-ended questions
Give us your opinion Ex:essay on test
64
Closed-ended question
Specific responses attached Ex:multiple choice
65
Random sample
Everyone has an equal chance to be included in the study
66
Survey
Given to a small group of a population
67
Weber
Some of his works influenced "symbolic interaction"
68
Culture
A total way of life for a particular person
69
Survey instruments
Written,electronic,phone,interview
70
Ethics in sociological research
"Do the right thing" Do not harm Many have codes of ethics Confidentially with subjects (informed consent) Usually use adults bec they give consent Follow the finding Do not deceive(full disclosure) or as little deception possible Report all results completely and accurately
71
Research model
1. select topic 2. define problem 3. review the hypothesis 4. form hypothesis 5. choose a way to conduct the research 6. collect data 7. analyze results 8. share results
72
Cultural lag
Material and non-material culture culture may change at different rates 1. materials come 1st 2. non-materials after Ex:people who don't like computers/social media
73
Experiment
Done more by social psychologist and sociologists
74
Gender socioalization
Learning appropriate gender expectations for behavior -for boys and men -for girls and women In which we learn masculinity and feminist expectations Where do we see gender messages? Media,clothing,toys,color,family
75
Kohkberg
Concerned with development of moral compass 4 stages 1.amoral stage-all about me! No right or wrong 2.pre conventional stage-do something to please someone so you receive an award 3.conventional-stay out of trouble to follow rules 4.post conventional-people are able to reflect on abstract principles of right/wrong
76
Gender binary
Could either be male or female

Sociolgy 101 (2 decks)

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