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Foundations Of Nursing > Chapters 1,2 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1,2 and 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you improve self-esteem?

A

By encouraging independence

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2
Q

What are the rules and regulations of the nursing school established by Florence Nightingale?

A

The training offered both formal and practice experience
School kept records of student’s progress
The program focused on sanitation and hygiene, patient observation, nutritional improvements
Retained a registry of all graduates
Not all applicants were enrolled

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3
Q

What is Bill of Rights?

A 
It outlines patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and compassion 
Right to high quality health care
Clean and safe environment 
Involvement in their care 
Protection of privacy
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4
Q

What is the role of occupational therapist?

A

Assist with activities of daily living

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5
Q

Who can assist the patient in explaining medication adverse effects?

A

Provider, pharmacist, RN

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6
Q

What is the role of a CNA?

A

Provide basic care such as bathing, dressing, grooming, ambulating, toileting, vital signs

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7
Q

Who can assess pain level in a patient?

A

Only licensed personnel such as nurses

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Maslow’s theory?

A

Identify the problem that had top priority

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9
Q

What is the next step after graduating from a nursing program?

A

Take the NCLEX-PN exam

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10
Q

What is the major goal of health care system?

A

To achieve optimal levels of health care for a defined population through adequate and appropriate health care services

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11
Q

Who had the greatest impact on nursing in the 19th century?

A

Florence Nightingale

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12
Q

Examples of primary prevention?

A

Meet the needs of healthy clients
Focus on educating patients
Nutrition/fitness activities, child car seat education, health in schools
Mammograms, colonoscopy, immunizations, use of seat belt etc

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13
Q

Examples of secondary prevention?

A

Screenings/prompt treatment
Focus on identifying illness and preventing treatment
Administering insulin
Cholesterol screening-with lab result of over 200(a problem was identified)
When dietary teaching when diagnosed with DM type 2

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14
Q

Examples of tertiary prevention?

A

Permanent/irreversible
Preventing long term consequences of chronic illness, begins after an injury or illness
Promoting independence after a stroke
Teaching how to use a wheel chair etc

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15
Q

Practical nurse defined?

A

LPN provides direct services under supervision of a registered nurse (RN), licensed physician or dentist
Educated to provide safe, responsible and effective care
Performs basic therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventive care
Provided care in all types of settings
Demonstrate a caring and empathetic approach to safe care

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16
Q

Roles and responsibilities of LPN?

A

Plan care/revise plan of care based on nursing diagnoses
Implement patient care under the direct supervision of registered nurse, licensed physician or dentist
Demonstrate a caring and empathetic approach to safe care

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17
Q

When did LPN licensing begin and where?

A

In 1914 in Mississippi

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18
Q

What are licensing laws?

A

Protect the public from unqualified practitioners by ensuring minimal qualifications are met
Managed by state agencies such as the state board of nursing

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19
Q

What is the Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)?

A

A nationally recognized, multi-state agreement that allows nurses to use their license to practice not only in their home state, but in all states that have enacted the compact

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20
Q

What is is called when your licensed and apply for another state licensing?

A

Reciprocity/Endorsement

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21
Q

What is required to be licensed as a LPN?

A

Must complete a state approved nursing program, which includes a minimum of 400 hours of direct client care across the lifespan and must sit and pass the NCLEX-PN exam-the required state test to show proficiency

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22
Q

What is required to receive state licensure?

A

Must submit an application to the state board of nursing after completing NCLEX-PN

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23
Q

Define health care system?

A

A complete network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved within a specified geographic area

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24
Q

Define holistic care?

A

A system of comprehensive patient care including physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs. Required the professionals from different areas to come together to provide comprehensive care

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25
What are the levels of health care?
``` Primary Secondary Tertiary Restorative Continuing ```
26
What is primary health care and give examples?
Primary health emphasizes health promotion and includes prenatal and well-baby care, family planning, nutrition counseling and disease control. This level of care is a sustained partnership between clients and providers Ex: office or clinic visits, community health centers, scheduled school or work centered screenings (vision, hearing,obesity)
27
What is secondary health care and give examples?
Secondary health care includes the diagnosis and TREATMENT of ACUTE illness and injury Ex: hospital settings (inpatient and emergency departments), diagnostic centers and urgent and emergent care centers
28
What is tertiary health care and give examples?
Tertiary health care, or acute care, involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care. Ex: intensive care, oncology centers and burn centers
29
What is restorative health care and give examples?
Intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self care Ex: rehabilitation centers, home health care and skilled nursing facilities
30
What is continuing health care and give examples?
Addresses long term or chronic health care needs over a period of time Ex: end of life care, palliative care, hospice, adult day care, assisted living and in home respite care
31
What is wellness?
Dynamic state of health in which a individual is progressing toward a higher level of function, highest level of optimal health
32
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
``` Basic physiological needs Safety and security Love and belonging Self-esteem Self-actualization ```
33
The 3 organized levels of health promotion are?
Maintain wellness Preventing disease-related complications Management of care of those with serious health problems
34
Who is the focus in health care?
The patient
35
Breast cancer screening age?
Ages 45-54 (every year) | Ages 55 and older (every 2 years)
36
Colon/rectal cancer screening age?
45 and older
37
Heart/vascular disorders screening age?
45 to 65
38
Prostate cancer screening age?
50 and older
39
Cervical cancer screening age?
Starts at 21 and screened every 3 to 5 years if normal
40
Testicular cancer screening age?
15 to 35
41
What is a risk factor?
Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
42
What are the 2 key risk factors and explain?
Non modifiable and modifiable Non modifiable such as age, gender, genetics and family history CANNOT be changed Modifiable include poor nutrition, overeating and insufficient rest and sleep, can be changed
43
What are nurse practice acts?
Laws that formally define the scope of practice (task that you are ALLOWED to do) Limit the scope of nursing practice (things that you are NOT allowed to do - not diagnose patients) The nurse must know the nurse practice act within his or her state All states have a nurse practice act
44
What are standards of care?
Are legal guidelines for care | Universal guidelines that define measures for all nursing interventions
45
What is the role of state board of nursing?
Is responsible for ensuring that licensed practical nurses are minimally qualified to practice nursing
46
What can happen when there is a breach in nurse - patient relationship and harm has occurred?
You can be charged with malpractice
47
Who is a patient advocate?
A nurse who works for the protection of patient rights/interests
48
What do you do when you suspect abuse?
Report to the charge nurse
49
If a charge nurse asks you to perform a procedure which you have never done before, what would you do?
Let her know that you have never done the procedure before and ask for guidance
50
Why is it important to report unethical behavior?
Because your first duty is to the patient’s health, well-being and safety
51
Two examples of HIPPA violation?
Discussing patients- patient condition, age, diagnosis Leaving patient information lying around Ex: history and physical of a patient
52
What is the patient criteria for giving informed consent?
Must be 18 and above, alert and mentally competent
53
What is an assault and give an example?
An intentional threat to cause bodily harm to another, does not have to include actual bodily contact Ex:”If yo don’t listen to me, I will not feed you”.
54
What is battery and give an example?
Unlawful touching Ex: hitting, restraining without doctor’s order, checking pulse, BP etc. after patient refusal
55
What is slander and give an example?
Speaking untrue statements of another person to ruin their reputation Ex: so and so is a liar
56
What is negligence and give an example?
Failure to act in a manner demonstrating care and knowledge ANY prudent individual would Ex: patient falls, medication errors, equipment injuries
57
What is an informed consent?
Disclosure of facts regarding an invasive procedure It protects patient rights as patient has the right to receive information regarding their treatment, medical research Agreement by a person to accept a course of treatment or procedure after receiving complete information
58
What should the nurse verify, when being a witness?
Consent is given voluntarily in the nurse’s presence, alert and competent as determined by the nurse
59
What is not verified, when signing the consent?
Whether risks and benefits of the procedure was explained by the nurse. This is the doctor’s responsibility
60
What is the criteria for informed consent?
Must explain risk and benefits by the person performing Person performing the procedure must provide information Consent must be given voluntarily in the presence of a nurse Must be 18 or above Alert and competent Not under the influence of drugs or alcohol
61
What is the role of the nurse in the informed consent process?
Act as a witness when the patient signs the form
62
What is intimate space and give examples?
0-18 inches from face Ex: applying cream, inserting catheters, bathing, changing dressings, transferring
63
Give examples of blocks to communication?
``` False assurance Giving advice Approval or disapproval Defensiveness Asking for explanations Asking why questions Changing the subject ```
64
Examples of false assurance?
Don’t worry Everything will be alright You will be fine
65
Examples of verbal communication?
Speaking and writing
66
Examples of non verbal communication?
``` Touch Crying Eye contact Tone of voice Grimacing Physical appearance Facial expressions Gestures Posture ```
67
How do you communicate with the hearing impaired?
Speak slowly and clearly Speak in a normal volume-hear low pitch better Stand in front of the patient - so they can lip read Do not exaggerate lip movements May need a paper and pencil to communicate Allow time to respond Get patients attention before you speak - touch before you speak
68
How do you communicate with patients who have aphasia?
Allow time to respond Use visual cues - like communication boards Speak in a normal voice Use yes or no questions
69
What do you do in case of a language barrier?
Get an interpreter or professional translator, communication boards etc
70
How do you communicate with a visually impaired person?
Knock on the door and ask permission first Do not touch the patient first as it may startle them Position patient in such a way that the door is facing the good eye and not the blind eye - otherwise the patient has to turn more to see with the good eye Ex: if a patient is blind on right eye, door should be on the left side of the patient
71
What actions should the nurse take to indicate active listening?
Maintain an open posture (avoid holding objects in front of you) Facing the client Leaning forward Eye contact Responding positively when giving feedback
72
What are the guidelines for effective communication?
Sit at eye level, when sitting in a chair Touching a child can intimidate them - can block the communication Do not ask why questions- which is asking for explanations Recognize patient’s feelings (“I notice that guy have been sad about the prognosis
73
How do you communicate with a patient with dementia?
Use simple words and sentences Do not use concepts (it is important to exercise to stay healthy or it is important that you eat) Do not ask open ended questions (what would you like to eat) Only give 2 choices Cannot understand cause and effect (if you don’t take a bath, I won’t take you for a walk)

Foundations Of Nursing (2 decks)

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