Chapters 1, 2, and 4

Question 1

any chemical substance that when administered, produces a change in function

Answer 1

Drug

Question 2

The study or the effects of chemical substances on living tissues. More specifically, it is the study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties; and more importantly for our purposes, it is the study of the body’s reaction to drugs

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

study of drugs used to treat, diagnose, or prevent a disease

Answer 3

Clinical pharmacology

Question 4

empowered the FDA to monitor and regulate the manufacturing and market of drugs

Answer 4

1938- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

Question 5

distinguished what could be sold with or without a prescription

Answer 5

1952- Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the 1938 Act

Question 6

tightened the control on experimental medications. must provide information on labeling and in use of literature.

Answer 6

1962- Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the 1938 Act

Question 7

remedy for escalating drug abuse problem:

1. promote drug education and research into prevention and treatment of drug dependence
2. strengthening of enforcement authority
3. establishment of treatment and rehab facilities
4. designation of schedules for controlled substances according to abuse potential*

Answer 7

1970- Controlled Substances Act

Question 8

accelerated review of new drugs

Answer 8

1997- The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act

Question 9

Have no accepted medical use and a high potential for drug abuse:
-heroin, hallucinogens (LSD, marijuana, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin)

Answer 9

Schedule I drugs (C-1)

Question 10

Accepted medical use. High potential for drug abuse:
-Meperidine (Demerol), morphine, hydrocodone (Hycodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), methadone (Dolophine), oxycodone (Oxy-Contin), codeine, amphetamines, secobarbital, pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Answer 10

Schedule II drugs (C-II)

Question 11

Medically accepted drug. Potential abuse is less than I and II:
- Codeine preparations, paregoric, nonnarcotic drugs (pentazocine [Talwin])

Answer 11

Schedule III drugs (C-III)

Question 12

Medically accepted drugs. May cause dependence:
-Phenobarbital (Luminal), benzodiazepines (diazepam [Valium], oxazepam [Serax], lorazepam [Ativan], chlordiazepoxide [Librium]), chloral hydrate (Aquachloral), meprobamate

Answer 12

Schedule IV drugs (C-IV)

Question 13

Medically accepted drugs. Very limited potential for dependence:
-Opioid-controlled substances for diarrhea and cough (codeine in cough preparations)

Answer 13

Schedule V drugs (C-V)

Question 14

Nurse Practice Acts:

- negligence

Answer 14

Misfeasance

Question 15

Nurse Practice Acts:

- omission

Answer 15

Nonfeasance

Question 16

Nurse Practice Acts:

- correct drug, wrong route

Answer 16

Malfeasance

Question 17

describes chemical structure of drug

Answer 17

Chemical name

Question 18

official, nonproprietary name (-USP)

Answer 18

Generic name

Question 19

proprietary, chosen by drug company (®)

Answer 19

Brand/trade name

Question 20

American Hospital Formulary Service
“Physician’s Desk Reference”
“Drug Facts & Comparisons”
U.S. Pharmacopeia–Drug Information (USP-DI)

Answer 20

Drug Resources

Question 21

• disintegration and dissolution
• needed for po meds only
• may be enhanced by “excipients” (enhances absorption)
• may be altered by gastric pH

Answer 21

Pharmaceutic Phase