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Sociology 100 > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Norms

A

societal expectations for how to think, behave or look; what is acceptable and unacceptable

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2
Q

Normative

A

The default for a norm

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3
Q

Micro level

A

Individual experiences and personal choices

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4
Q

Macro level

A

Broader social forces

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5
Q

Sociology

A

Systematic and methodical study of society

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6
Q

Sociological imagination

A

Ability to perceive interconnections between individual experiences and larger social forces

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7
Q

Agency

A

people’s capacity to make choice

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8
Q

Empirical method

A

Systematic data collection producing verifiable findings

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9
Q

Theory

A

Set of propositions intended to explain a fact or phenomenon

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10
Q

Manifest function

A

Intended function of a societal structure

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11
Q

Latent function

A

Unintended function of a societal structure

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12
Q

Anomie

A

State of normlessness

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13
Q

Who are the bourgeoisie?

A

Owners of means of production

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14
Q

Proletariat

A

owners of their own labour

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15
Q

Patriarchy

A

Legal and social power vested in males

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16
Q

Discourse

A

Ways of understanding a subject or social phenomenon

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17
Q

Post-disciplinary

A

Boundaries between disciplines have blurred

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18
Q

Interdisciplinary

A

Working together to understand a social phenomenon

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19
Q

Phenomenon

A

A fact or situation that is observed to exist

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20
Q

Direst observation

A

Verifiable knowledge

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21
Q

Empirical

A

Data driven through observation

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22
Q

3 Forms of Theorizing

A

1.Positivist 2.Interpretive 3.Critical

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23
Q

What is positivist

A

Explanation and prediction

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24
Q

What is interpretive

A

Understanding self and others

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25
Q

What is critical theorizing?

A

Power and emancipation

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26
Q

Emancipation

A

To remove barriers

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27
Q

Praxis

A

Word for practicve

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28
Q

Feminist Perspective

A

Critical, micro and macro
Many types but they believe men and women are equal

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29
Q

Interactionist Perspective

A

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
Interpretive, macro
Communications can be direct or indirect

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30
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Bourgeoisie vs proletariat
Critical, macro
competition over resources

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31
Q

Functionalist perspective

A

How does it contribute to society?
Positivist, macro
Explains interdependence of societal segments

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32
Q

What is a concept compared to Variable?

A

Concept: abstract idea in words that must be described
Variable: a categorical property of people or things

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33
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Begins with theory or explanation and then tests it
Hypothesis testing, theory driven

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34
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Qualitative
Begins with examining data to reach a theory
Theory building and data driven

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35
Q

Goals of Sociological Research

A

Explore, Describe, Explain, Evaluate, Empower

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36
Q

Replicability

A

Having the quality to be copied

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37
Q

Reliability

A

Variable consistently measured

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38
Q

Validity

A

We measure what we intend to measure (intended concept)

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39
Q

Independent variable vs dependent variable

A

Cause variable and the effect variable

40
Q

Operalization

A

Variables defined to be precisely measured

41
Q

Tri-Council Policy statement

A

Guiding research ethics policy for research involving humans

42
Q

Survey

A

Quantitative method using a questionnaire

43
Q

Interview

A

Qualitative data, verbal question and answer technique

44
Q

Ethnography

A

Interactive field work to gather qualitative data

45
Q

Anonymity

A

Anonymous, nobody knows who says what

46
Q

Confidentiality

A

Identity is confined from public

47
Q

Culture

A

Environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized

48
Q

Material vs Nonmaterial culture

A

Material: physical things people have
Can tell us about nonmaterial culture:the behaviours of an individual

49
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

Language shapes reality due to environmental affects

50
Q

3 types of Norms

A
  1. Folkways 2. Mores 3. Taboos
51
Q

Folkways norms

A

Informal unwritten rules

52
Q

Mores norms

A

Formal and written rules that are important

53
Q

Taboos norms

A

Wrong in and of themselves

54
Q

Perspective norms and proscriptive norms

A

Behaviours encouraged and a statement

55
Q

Durkheim norm

A

Norms and values are social facts that result in a collective conscience

56
Q

Parsons norms

A

Norms and values work together to keep society running smoothly

57
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Society’s customs ideas should be understood; not judging

58
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief that one’s society is superior and used to compare others

59
Q

Subcultures

A

Divergent language, norms and beliefs different from the dominant culture

60
Q

Delinquent subcultures

A

Emerge in response to special problems that members of dominant culture do not face

61
Q

Symbol

A

An object or image to represent a particular concept of culture

62
Q

Socialization

A

The self and social idenitity

63
Q

What is self-concept and an example

A

The sense of who you are based on similarities and differences from others
Ex. Body image

64
Q

What is the opposite end of the Personal-Social Identity Continuum?

A

Unique characteristics and groups

65
Q

3 Stages of Development of the Self

A
  1. Preparatory stage 2. Play stage 3. Game stage
66
Q

What is preparatory stage and example

A

Imitate others
Waving “bye-bye”

67
Q

What is play stage and an example

A

Take on rules of others
Ex. Playing house

68
Q

What is game stage and an example

A

Taking on multiple roles simultaneously
Ex. Sports team

69
Q

What is Mead’s representation of the Self?

A

The “I” and the “Me”

70
Q

3 steps of Looking-Glass Self

A

Imagine how we appear
Imagine how others see us/our appearance is judged
Make changes based off those judgments

71
Q

Status

A

Any recognized social position

72
Q

Role

A

The behavioural component of a given status

73
Q

Ascribed status

A

Imposed on us, given to us that can’t be controlled

74
Q

Achieved status

A

Personal action to get this status

75
Q

Master status

A

Most influential status in status set
Could be ascribed or archived

76
Q

Statues set

A

All of your statuses

77
Q

Role conflict

A

Two or more statuses inferring with another

78
Q

Role strain

A

Stress from the demands of a single status

79
Q

What is Max Weber’s ideal type of bureaucracy?

A

-division of labour
-hierarchy of authority
-written rules
-impersonality in decision making
-employment based on qualifications

80
Q

Biological determinism

A

Human behaviour is controlled by genetics

81
Q

Sociobiology

A

Social behaviour evolved from need to survive and reproduce

82
Q

Behaviourism

A

Denying free will, all behaviour is learned

83
Q

Bio-ecological theory of human development

A

Development as dynamic process on interaction where individuals shape their environment in which they develop

84
Q

Looking-Glass Self

A

Sense of self based on perceived view of self by others

85
Q

Agents of socialization

A

Groups, institutions, settings with the greatest influence on the developing self

86
Q

Self esteem

A

Evaluation of one’s own self-worth

87
Q

Social structure

A

Framework of cultural elements and social patterns in which social interactions take place

88
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Formal organizational model consisting of chain of authority, clear division of labour
Hierarchy of authority

89
Q

Social group

A

Two or more people sharing relevant cultural elements and interacting with one another

90
Q

Social institution

A

System of social roles and norms organized to promote social order

91
Q

Social networks

A

Link individuals and social groups together

92
Q

What was Charles Cooley concept?

A

Looking-Glass Self
Their concept of self by observe how they are perceived by others

93
Q

What was George Herbert Mead’s concept?

A

(1934)
Research of the development of the self
The “I” and the “Me”

94
Q

What is Harriet Martineau involved with?

A

Feminist perspective

95
Q

Who had Interactionist Perspectives?

A

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
Herbert Blumer (1900-1987)

96
Q

Who had a Conflict perspective?

A

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

97
Q

Who had a Functionalist perspective?

A

Emilie Durkheim (1858-1917)

Sociology 100 (2 decks)

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