Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What kind of vehicles require the driver to have an air brake endorsement drivers license in order to operate them?
A
Vehicles equipped with air brakes on the highway requires a
BC drivers license with an air brake endorsement.
2
Q
What drivers license allows you to operate a school bus?
A
Class 2
3
Q
What are the steps to obtain an airbrake endorsement?
A
- Complete an air brake course.
- Apply for an air break endorsement
- Take an air break knowledge test.
- Take your air brake pre-trip inspection test. You’ll need a vehicle equipped with air brakes for this test.
4
Q
What classes of license or license endorsements allow you to operate a trailer equipped with airbrakes weighing over 4600 kg?
A
Your class one license with an air brake endorsement.
5
Q
What does your class one drivers license allow you to drive?
A
Semi trailer trucks and all other motor vehicles, or combinations of vehicles, except motorcycles.
6
Q
What does your class two drivers license allow you to drive?
A
Buses, including school, buses, specialty activity bus’s and special vehicles.
7
Q
What does your class three drivers license allow you to drive?
A
- Trucks with more than two axles, such as dump trucks and large tow trucks, but not including a bus that is being used to transport passengers.
- A tow car towing a vehicle of any weight
- A mobile truck crane
8
Q
What does your class four unrestricted drivers license Allow you to drive?
A
- Buses with a maximum seating capacity of 25 persons, including the driver.
- Taxis, limousines, and ride hailing vehicles.
- ambulances
9
Q
What are retarders designed to do?
A
Retarders are designed to provide auxiliary slowing of the vehicle without the use of the main breaking system.
10
Q
What are four types of retarders?
A
Engine retarders, exhaust retarders, hydraulic drive line retarders, electric driveline retarders
11
Q
When does an engine retarder work most efficiently?
A
Higher engine rpm and slower vehicle speed
12
Q
When should you be cautious of using retarders and what will the results be if you are not?
A
Using retarders on slippery road surfaces can cause the drive wheels to lock up stalling the engine, and can result in loss of control or even cause a tractor-trailer to jackknife.
13
Q
Passenger cars and light truck drivers should use what rule to stop?
A
2 second rule to stop
14
Q
Drivers of Busses, trucks and other large heavy vehicles should never be no less than?
A
5 seconds behind another driver rule.
15
Q
How much brake lag time is there with airbrakes?
A
4/10 of a second
16
Q
What are the four principles of time to stopping?
A
Perception distance, reaction distance, break lag distance, and breaking distance
17
Q
Two times the vehicle speed requires how much stopping power?
A
Four times to the stopping power.
18
Q
Two times the vehicles weight requires how much stopping power?
A
Two times the stopping power
19
Q
Two times the vehicle speed and two times The vehicles weight requires how much stopping power?
A
Eight times the stopping power.
20
Q
What are the normal, maximum and failing temperatures of break drums
A
120°C normal, 250°C maximum, more than 300°C failure
21
Q
What is brake fade?
A
Brake fade occurs when your brakes stop working properly because they are overheated.
22
Q
What causes brake fade?
A
Excessive hard breaking.
23
Q
What happens to the brake drums when they heat up?
A
They expand away from the brake linings.
24
Q
What should you never do on a downgrade?
A
You should never shift to a higher gear on a downgrade, unless the speed on the grade can be controlled with a retarding device or engine compression.
25
What three factors enables you not to use your service breaks going down grade
Select a safe speed
Appropriate low gear
utilize the vehicles retarding device.
26
What should you do if you couldn't control your vehicles speed with the appropriate techniques given the first time?
Apply the brakes hard enough to reduce speed by 10 to 15 km and downshift to a lower main gear.
27
What should you do just before your vehicle comes to a full a stop and why?
You should reduce the pressure you are placing on the brake pedal to prevent your vehicle from jerking back.
28
What can water do to your brakes? What should you do while driving through puddles of water.
Water can reduce braking efficiency by getting inside the break drum. If you have to drive through water on the roadway, place a slight drag, a constant pressure on the brakes while driving through.
29
Antilock braking systems are mandatory in Canada on all trucks and buses weighing over?
4560kg
30
What does an ABS system prevent from happening?
Prevents wheel lock up or skids caused by over breaking.
31
What is the final factor that will determine if the vehicle will move?
A vehicle's engine is a heat conversion machine taking energy from exploding mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber converting it to motion through the engine crankshaft and drive train to the wheels.
32
How does brake heat dissipate?
Through the brake components. These components absorb and dissipate heat.
33
What can cause a truck to jackknife?
Using retarders or engine brakes on slippery road surfaces can cause a truck to jackknife.
34
What's the difference between ABS and ATC.
Anti lock breaking system is An addition to a normal air brake system which will automatically pump the breaks to prevent skidding. The Automatic traction control is an optional addition to an ABS system which will detect tires that are freely spinning, applying the break to that wheel and transferring power to the opposite side to help regain traction.
35
What's one of the hazards of stopping a tractor trailer combination?
If stopped too abruptly the tractor trailer combination can jackknife.
36
When should a retarding device be used?
A retarding device should be used on a downgrade to provide auxiliary slowing to the vehicle.
37
What is brake lag?
time between you pressing the brake pedal and the time it actually takes for the brakes to be applied.
38
Driving conditions are affected by what six conditions?
Road conditions, vehicle conditions, your physical and mental condition, traffic conditions, lighting conditions & weather conditions
39
Drivers of passenger cars and light trucks should use what rule for keeping a safe following distance?
2 second rule.
40
How does the two or five second rule work?
Watch the vehicle ahead, pass some checkpoint and count until you have reached that check point.
41
What is a safe practice to use when you're driving slowly up or down a hill?
A Safe practice is to use your four-way flashers.
42
When is it appropriate to display a slow moving vehicle sign?
When a vehicle is travelling less than 40 km.
43
In some construction zones what might you have to wait for?
You may need to wait for a pilot car to escort you through the work zone.
44
What is a conventional design vehicle?
The driver seat, and steering wheel are positioned behind the steering axle.
45
What is a cab over vehicle design?
The driver seat, and steering wheel are positioned above the steering axle.
46
What is a forward control vehicle design?
The driver seat, and steering wheel are positioned in front of the steering axle.
47
What happens to your steering direction when you are in different cab designs?
Your view of point changes
Which means you will start your turn at a different point.
48
What are two factors to determine the sharpness of a vehicles turn?
Turning radius - how sharply you can turn the front wheels of your vehicle depends on the make and model of the vehicle you were driving
Off track - when the vehicle moves around a curve, the rear wheels follow a different path than the front wheels
49
What are the three cab designs?
Conventional, cab over and forward control.
50
What is inertia?
Inertia is the tendency for moving objects to continue moving in a straight line.
51
What should you do if you curve to the right?
When you curve to the right, keep the front wheels close to the centreline so that your rear wheels don't drop off the pavement.
52
What should you do when curving to the left?
When curving to the left, keep the front wheels close to the right edge of the lane.
53
What should you do if the streets are too narrow to make a right turn?
You may need to turn wide as you complete the turn causing you to go into the oncoming lane.
54
What are three points to making a right sharp turn in a forward control vehicle such as a bus?
1. Position the vehicle 1 to 2 m from the curb
2. Drive straight until the curb line of the side street can be seen through the front entrance door.
3. Enter the turn at a low speed.
55
What steering method is recommended when a lot of turning is necessary?
The hand over hand steering method.
56
If you are driving a large truck or bus through traffic circle what is it OK to do?
It is OK to encroach on to the median to get through.
57
What will you be responsible for when backing up?
You will be responsible for any crash that happens when backing up.
58
Which way is easier for backing up with traffic?
It is easier to back out of traffic than into traffic.
59
Whenever possible which side should you use backing up your vehicle?
You should use your drivers side, the view side.
60
What are six tips to reduce your risk of causing a crash while backing up?
1. Avoid backing up whenever possible.
2. Plan ahead to minimize the distance.
3. Be sure that the area you are backing in is clear.
4. Use a person to Guide your vehicle whenever possible.
5. Sound your horn, at least once every vehicle length to warn other road users.
6. Back your vehicle out of traffic rather in the traffic.
61
What do convex mirrors do?
They make things look smaller and farther away than they actually are.
62
How are some traffic lights designed?
Traffic lights are synchronized on some streets so by driving at the posted speed you'll make every green light.
63
What habit should you develop while driving in traffic?
You should develop the habit of looking well ahead of the traffic in front of your vehicle.
64
What are 3 principles to determine the lane you should use?
Choose the lane that gives you the best vision, allows you to go where you want to go and allows you to blend in with other traffic.
65
When emergency vehicles are approaching and you are travelling in the left or fast lane on a divided highway that has a median in the middle pull off to what side?
Pull off to the left side of the road.
66
When approaching authorized vehicles, displaying flashing lights you must drive no faster than what if the speed is 80 km or more
70km/h
67
When approaching authorized vehicles, displaying flashing lights you must drive no faster than what if the speed is less than 80 km?
40km/h
68
What should you do if it's difficult to shift to the next gear after the transmission is left in neutral too long?
Shift back to neutral release the clutch and increase engine speed to match road speed and then try to shift again.
69
Why is it important to double clutch?
Most heavy vehicles with manual transmissions don't have synchromesh gears so it's essential that you become skilled at double clutching.
70
How can double clutching get you home safely if your clutch fails?
should the clutch linkage ever fail, drivers can still shift and get home by double-clutching, getting the engine and gears' speeds synchronized, and then easing the shifter into the right gear.
71
What are the five steps to upshifting using double clutch?
1. Release the accelerator pedal, depress the clutch pedal and shift to neutral simultaneously.
2. Release the clutch pedal.
3. Let the engine and gears slow to the rpm needed for the next higher gear.
4. Depress the clutch pedal and shift to a higher gear simultaneously
5. Release the clutch pedal and depress the accelerator simultaneously
72
What are the five steps to downshift using double clutch?
1. Release the accelerator pedal. Depress the clutch pedal and shift to neutral simultaneously.
2. Release the clutch pedal.
3. Depress the accelerator to increase the engine speed to the rpm needed in the lower gear.
4. Depress the clutch pedal and shift to a lower gear simultaneously.
5. Release the clutch pedal while maintaining constant pressure on the accelerator.
73
What is the difference between horsepower and torque?
Horsepower is the speed at which the car can move and torque is how much power it has behind it to move.
74
What is RPM?
RPM stands for revolutions per minute and is a measure of how fast the engine is spinning.
75
How do you run an engine optimally with peak horsepower and peak torque.
The engine should be operated between peak torque and peak horsepower. 
76
What kind of shifting is recommended for many new vehicles with high torque engines?
Progressive shifting is recommended for many new vehicles. The RPM you need to shift at becomes higher as you select higher gears.
77
Larger vehicles that have gas or diesel engines are powdered by what? And what do they do?
Governors which are Speed controllers that regulate the amount of fuel burned and engine RPMs.
78
What is a tachometer?
A Device that measures an engines RPMs.
79
What are 4 steps to shifting gasoline powered (not governed) engines
1. Start in low gear use only enough throttle to start the vehicle moving.
2. When the engine begins to accelerate quickly shift to the next gear. shift to higher gears as soon as you have the power.
3. As your vehicle speed increases, and you begin shifting into higher gears, allow the engine to develop more power before each shift so the rate of acceleration increases.
4. As you complete each shift, engage the clutch smoothly and engage the throttle at the same time. This allows for smooth engagement and no shock on the drivetrain components.
80
What does an engine governor control?
Controls the amount of fuel, going to the engine and regulates the speed of the engine.
81
What should you do with the throttle when shifting a gasoline or diesel powered governed engine?
Always squeeze the throttle, rather than stabbing or jabbing at it.
82
What does a governor let you do without the throttle?
A Governor Lets you start a vehicle on level ground and on grades without using the throttle.
83
Where should your power be at and what can you get away with when shifting a gasoline or diesel powered governed engine?
Use only enough power to shift the vehicle into the next gear. Depending on your vehicle, you may be able to skip gears on down grades or level grades.
84
How should you shift when entering a curve?
Before you enter a curve, slow down and downshift to a gear that lets the engine power all through the curve.
85
Which parts of the vehicle will road users be affected by turbulence?
Front of the truck, alongside the cab, the back area of the trailer or at the immediate rear of the trailer.
86
What are 5 tips for parking safely?
1. Set the parking brake on both the tractor and the trailer.
2. Place the transmission in the lowest forward gear, if parked facing uphill, or reverse gear if parked facing downhill or park if the vehicle has an automatic transmission, if the vehicle has main or auxiliary transmissions place both in gear. If the vehicle is equipped with a two speed axle, it must be in low range.
3. You should block the wheel of any large vehicle parked on even a slight grade.
4. If parked on an uphill, turn the wheels towards the centre line
5. If Parked on a downhill, turn the wheels right to the edge of the road.
87
What is the maximum speed in a alley?
20 km an hour
88
What should you do coming out of an alley to an intersection?
Stop your vehicle before you drive across the sidewalk and yield the right away to pedestrians and motor vehicles.
89
Driving at 110 km can reduce tread life by how much compared to driving at 90 km .
20%
90
Overinflating causes excess wear on what part of the tire?
Causes excessive wear on the centre part of its tread
91
Under inflating, a tire causes excess wear on what parts of the tire?
Causes excessive wear on the outer tread of the tire.
92
Vehicle tires are not operable when? 
1. Have any tread damage cuts, cracks or snags longer than 2.5 cm and deep enough to expose the ply cords.
2. Have less than 3 mm of tread on a front tire or 1.6 mm of tread on a rear tire.
3. Have less than 1.6 mm of tread and are being used on a trailer.
4. Have less than 3.5 mm of tread in the case of a winter tire.
93
Name six problems to look for on a tire.
1. Too much or too little air pressure
2. Tire wear
3. Cuts, abrasions exploding cord, sidewall separation or bulges.
4. Tires in contact with each other or in contact with any part of the vehicle.
5. Cracked or leaking valve stem.
6. A mixture of different sizes or radial and bias ply tires being used on the same axle.
94
Are brake failure warning, devices necessary?
All vehicles using air or vacuum brakes must be equipped with warning devices that will warn the driver if the air pressure or vacuum system fails.
95
Every motor vehicle must be equipped with how many brakes?
Every motor vehicle must be equipped with at least two separate braking systems.
96
What are 3 pieces of recommended safety equipment?
1. Flags or flares.
2. Fire extinguishers.
3. First aid kit
97
Red and blue flashing lights are only used by?
Red lights are used by emergency vehicles and blue lights are used by police.
98
Who is permitted to use Amber flashing lights?
Construction vehicles and any vehicles on the road who working and need to provide caution.
99
What is required of a commercial vehicle to park on the side of a road when it isn't designated for parking?
It is required that they have an approved warning device
100
What commercial vehicles must carry warning devices?
1.All vehicles with the seating capacity of more than 10.
2.All commercial vehicles, with an overall width of more than 2.3 m.
3. All commercial vehicles were a load width more than 2.3 m.
101
During daylight hours, the minimum for approved warning devices is?
Two red flags that measure at least 30 cm x 30 cm or two warning devices that have been approved for daylight use including flares fuses and reflectors.
102
At night you may use what 4 safety devices?
Flares, fuses, reflectors and red lanterns
103
If your vehicle becomes disabled, what 2 things should you do?
1. Move it as far off the travel portion of the highway as possible
2. Place warning devices approximately 30 m ahead and 30 m behind the disabled vehicle.
104
You must keep how much distance between you and the airbag system in the steering wheel?
25cm
