Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are urban dynamics?
Human behavior taking place in cities; also, journey patterns with in urban areas.
What is urban form?
The configuration of urban areas. Urban form can pertain to the distribution and density of activities within metropolitan regions or to design features of specific places within cities.
What is ecological footprint?
The resource requirements of an urban area measured in terms of the surface of the earth needed to produce these resources. Ecological footprint can also refer to the surface of the planet needed to absorb (neutralize) the pollution generated by an area.
What is polarization?
A distribution that is skewed towards the two ends of the attributes that is being measured. Under conditions of the new economy, income is said to be polarized because major segments in the population fall into either relatively high or low income groups.
What is welfare state?
Strong State/government involvement in the provision of basic needs, such as healthcare, housing, and old age security, as well as government intervention in matters more typically dealt with by the private sector, such as wage rates.
What is path dependence?
A perspective by which certain tendencies are long-lasting and difficult to alter because they are supported by institutional arrangements and processes.
What are brownfield sites?
Former industrial locations that can become the object of redevelopment efforts and may require decontamination.
What are greyfield sites?
Abandoned retail locations.
What does NIMBY mean?
It stands for “not in my backyard”. Reactions against changes happening around ones residence.NIMBY movements are usually targeted at intensification of land-use, infrastructure developments, and uses and activities that local residents do not want near them, such as strip clubs, halfway houses, group homes, and landfills. These movements can be locally-based or consist of federations of local groups.
What is topophilia?
Love of place, a term coined by geographer Y.-F. Tuan. It pertains to the growing interest for place in planning and an awareness of the importance of place for many people. The opposite term, ‘topophobia’, denotes fear of place.
What are power centers?
Clusterings of specialized stores of different size along with discount department stores in an automobile oriented environment. In contrast with shopping malls, there is little common space in power centers, notwithstanding large parking areas.
What is governance?
The work of government institutions, along with all the instances and processes with an impact on government decision-making. Governance thus provides a much broader perspective on the political process than the concept of government does.
What is the heartland?
The part of Canada where the industrial economy is concentrated. The heartland is also the location of the largest metropolitan regions. The Canadian heartland runs from Québec city to Windsor.
What is the hinterland?
Parts of Canada that depend on natural resources. The hinterland includes all the country with the exception of the heartland.
What is the Fordist-Keynesian period?
Economic development and economic and social policymaking that relied on government intervention in the form of various welfare state and demand stimulation measures. The period lasted from the end of World War II until the late 1970s
What is urban renewal?
Strategic reuse of an area of the city that is underused and often run down due to forces of change and transition. Urban renewal schemes are usually planned comprehensively under the direction of professional planners and at least partially funded by one or more levels of government.
What is Keynesianism?
Economic approach formulated by John Maynard Keans according to which the market economy benefits from countercyclical government spending. Keynesianism has been associated with public-sector economic development and social programs.
What is neoliberalism?
Tendency for a withdrawal of governments from the economic and social scene, so as to increase reliance on the private sector and market processes. Neoliberalism was meant to reverse Keynesian policies.
What does “Tower in the Park” refer to?
Model of urban development conceived by Le Corbusier, which consists of high-rise building set in a park like environment. The model has been popular all over the world and has been criticized by Jane Jacobs.
What is gentrification?
The process whereby high income households purchase and upgrade central city housing that once was occupied by residents of a significantly lower income. Today, some would consider other kinds of residential upgrading such as condominium development as gentrification.
What is revitalization/regeneration?
Renewal or regrowth of an obsolete sector of the economy or area of the city, such as the reinvigoration of the core and inner city in large Canadian metropolitan areas in the 21st-century.
