Chapters 1-4

Question 1

A systematic study of human society. The systematic study of human social interaction.

Answer 1

Sociology

Question 2

A large group of human beings who share the same geographic territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

Answer 2

Society

Question 3

Reveals the opportunities and constraints in our lives

Answer 3

Sociological imagination

Question 4

Coined the term sociological imagination

Answer 4

C. Wright Mills

Question 5

Direct cause and effect

Answer 5

Causation

Question 6

Relationship between two

Answer 6

Correlation

Question 7

First modern sociological, coined the term sociology.

Answer 7

Auguste Comte

Question 8

Wrote the first book on sociology.
Felt that sociologist should be acting on their convictions and not be mere observers

Answer 8

Harriet Martineau

Question 9

Coined term “survival of the fittest”
social Darwinism
Rich deserve to be rich, poor deserve to be poor

Answer 9

Herbert Spencer

Question 10

Who created the idea that societies are built on social facts or patters that exist outside of the individual

(Critic of Spencer)

Answer 10

Emile Durkheim

Question 11

Who was the father of conflict perspective?

Answer 11

Karl Marx

Question 12

A framework for building theory that sees society as a stable, elderly system in which each part of the whole contributes to its survival

Answer 12

Functionalist

Question 13

A framework for building theory they sees society as a continuous power struggle among competing groups, with different interest that are often based on class, race, ethnicity or gender

Answer 13

Conflict

Question 14

The practice of judging another culture by other standards of one’s own culture

Answer 14

Ethnocentrism

Question 15

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Answer 15

Cultural relativism

Question 16

Culture is transmitted from one group in society to another

Answer 16

Cultural diffusion

Question 17

A period of maladjustment when non material culture struggles to adapt to new material conditions

Answer 17

Cultural lag

Question 18

A divide in terms of technology in social groups

Answer 18

Digital divide

Question 19

A set of assumptions that assumes human beings are dynamic entities changing everyday symbols that help us give meaning to the experiences in our lives

Answer 19

The symbolic interaction approach

Question 20

Educated guess

Answer 20

Hypothesis

Question 21

Evidence based explanation for observations

Answer 21

Theory

Question 22

Create theories from observations

Answer 22

Induction

Question 23

Test theories

Answer 23

Deductions

Question 24

A series of questions to which people respond

Answer 24

Survey

Question 25

Cultural patter and that distinguish a society’s elite

Answer 25

High culture

Question 26

Designated cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

Answer 26

Popular culture

Question 27

Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population

Answer 27

Subcultures

Question 28

Survey that is printed out and always anonymous

Answer 28

Questionnaire

Question 29

Survey that researcher contrasts face to face questions

Answer 29

Interview

Question 30

Information from data that already exists in an environment used to do research

Answer 30

Existing data (secondary)

Question 31

Studying human beings in their natural setting

Answer 31

Field research

Question 32

Joining in on group activities on the group bring studies

Answer 32

Participant observation

Question 33

A detailed study of the life and activities of a group of people over a period of years

Answer 33

Ethnography

Question 34

Unintentional influence that researchers have on their study

Answer 34

Hawthorne effect

Question 35

Words, themes, commonalities, words

Answer 35

Qualitative research

Question 36

Relationship between two variables

Answer 36

Correlation

Question 37

The extend to which a study produces consistent results

Answer 37

Reliability

Question 38

The degree to which a study truly reflects the phenomenon under study

Answer 38

Validity

Question 39

Everything human beings make. Knowledge, language, values, customs and material objects that are passed from person to worsen and from one generation to the next.

Answer 39

Culture

Question 40

The feeling of disorientation when we experience cultural tradition different from our own

Answer 40

Culture shock

Question 41

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society. They may reject many of the standards of a dominant culture

Answer 41

Counterculture

Question 42

Cultural patterns that distinguish some segments of a society’s population. They involve not only difference but hierarchy

Answer 42

Subculture

Question 43

Knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings

Answer 43

Technology

Question 44

The physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use and share

Answer 44

Material culture

Question 45

The abstract or intangible human creations of a society that influence peoples behavior

Answer 45

Non-material culture

Question 46

4 components on non material culture

Answer 46

Symbols, language, values and norms

Question 47

Anything that meaningfully represents something else

Answer 47

Symbols

Question 48

A set of symbols that enables us to think and communicate

Answer 48

Language

Question 49

Culturally defined standards by which level judge desirability, goodness and beauty which serve as broad guidelines for social living

Answer 49

Values

Question 50

Behavioral expectations or established rules of behaviors or standards of conduct

Answer 50

Norms

Question 51

Language shapes the view of reality of its speakers (rather than language reflecting the pre-existing reality)

Answer 51

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Question 52

Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable

Answer 52

Cultural Values

Question 53

Conduct violating norms

Answer 53

Deviance

Question 54

Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning social norm

Answer 54

Sanctions

Question 55

Governments form of social control

Answer 55

Law

Question 56

The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for survival in society

Answer 56

Socialization

Question 57

An entity that is primarily responsible for the socialization process ex: family, religion, culture, school, peer group

Answer 57

Agent of Socialization

Question 58

The aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a group of society

Answer 58

Gender Socialization

Question 59

A process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

Answer 59

Anticipatory Socialization

Question 60

any decision that you hold in society

Answer 60

status

Question 61

behavioral expectations for your status

Answer 61

role

Question 62

Learning a new set of attitudes, behaviors and values of ones past

Answer 62

Resocalization

Question 63

A place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution

Answer 63

Total Institution

Question 64

Father of psychoanalysis

Answer 64

Sigmund Freud

Question 65

Basic biological drives; basic needs and wants

Answer 65

Id

Question 66

Kohlbergs Stages of reasoning:

Answer 66

Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional

Question 67

According to Carol Gilligan, research is flawed because they only use _____ subjects.

Answer 67

Male

Question 68

Piget came up with 4 stages. The first stage is:

Answer 68

Preoperative Stage

Question 69

Sociology that focuses on large groups

Answer 69

Macrosociology

Question 70

Who developed the Looking Glass Self theory?

Answer 70

Cooley

Question 71

We see ourselves how other people precieve us

Answer 71

Looking Glass Self

Question 72

Considered to be the father of Symbolic Interactionalism

Answer 72

Mead

Question 73

Separated "I" and "me"

Answer 73

Mead