Chapters 1-4 Flashcards by Christina Asbury

What complicates the role of mental health care providers in the military compared to civilian counterparts?
a. Lack of ethical guidelines
b. Limited federal budgetary emphasis
c. Complexities of being a military officer
d. Absence of traumatic stress in war

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When was PTSD formally added to diagnostic nomenclature, and when were symptoms related to combat stress first recorded in history?
a. 1990; World War I
b. 1980; Ancient Greece
c. 2000; American Civil War
d. 1970; Napoleonic wars

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What term was coined during the 17th century, referring to homesickness and symptoms derived from a soldier’s desire to return home?
a. Shell shock
b. PTSD
c. Nostalgia
d. Battle fatigue

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During which war were symptoms of PTSD referred to as “shell shock,” and what was the term used in World War II for similar symptoms?
a. World War I; Battle fatigue
b. American Civil War; Combat exhaustion
c. Vietnam War; Post-Vietnam syndrome
d. Napoleonic wars; Soldier’s heart

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When did documentation of mental health disorders related to war trauma begin?
a. World War I
b. Napoleonic wars
c. American Civil War
d. American Revolutionary War

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What term was used during the American Civil War to describe symptoms exhibited by emotionally distraught soldiers, particularly paralysis and sudden mood changes?
a. Combat fatigue
b. PTSD
c. Soldier’s heart
d. Nostalgia

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When did the “official” birth of military psychology occur, and what was the focus of psychologists during WWI?
a. American Revolutionary War; Testing and assessment
b. World War II; Individual psychotherapy
c. World War I; Combat-related stress reactions
d. Vietnam War; Forward deployed mental health care

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What was the belief about combat-related stress reactions during World War II, and when did psychologists become permanently active duty members?
a. Stress reactions were due to short deployments; 1947
b. Stress reactions could be screened out; 1947
c. Emphasis on mental health intervention; 1950
d. Stress reactions were rare; 1950

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What was the role of psychologists at the end of World War II, and what benefit did decision-makers recognize in having psychologists in the military?
a. Focus on testing and assessment; Power of influence
b. Emphasis on screening; Short deployments
c. Individual and group psychotherapy; Limited influence
d. Forward deployed mental health care; Decreasing stressors

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What was a significant challenge faced by mental health providers during the Korean War?
a. Lack of wartime experience
b. Inadequate support units
c. Absence of combat stressors
d. Overemphasis on psychological warfare

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What focus did the Navy and Air Force develop at the end of the Korean War?
a. Combat stress intervention
b. Organizational principles
c. Psychological warfare
d. Morale and motivation

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What term was used during the Vietnam War to describe symptoms of what was previously known as combat fatigue?
a. PTSD
b. Battle fatigue
c. Combat exhaustion
d. Soldier’s heart

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What characterized the war in Vietnam in terms of mental health issues?
a. Reduced traditional combat-related stress
b. Focus on mental health diagnosis
c. Minimal substance abuse problems
d. High unit cohesion

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When did the treatment of substance use disorders become a reality in response to the issues during the Vietnam War?
a. 1960
b. 1971
c. 1980
d. 1990

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What was a unique feature of the First Gulf War’s combat stressors?
a. Limited exposure to enemy forces
b. Short duration of the war
c. Lack of chemical and biological weapons
d. Service aboard a Navy aircraft carrier

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What is Gulf War Illness, and why has it complicated the lives of veterans?
a. A mental health disorder; Lack of treatment options
b. A psychological phenomenon; Baffling researchers
c. A medically inexplicable condition; Unknown etiology
d. A comorbid condition with PTSD; Delayed incidence

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What operations were part of the Global War on Terror (GWOT)?
a. Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF)
b. Korean War and Vietnam War
c. Desert Shield and Desert Storm
d. Korean War and First Gulf War

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What is one of the signature wounds of both OEF and OIF?
a. Battle fatigue
b. Substance use disorders
c. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
d. Gulf War Illness

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What continues to be a challenge for clinicians and researchers in treating veterans of OEF and OIF?
a. Lack of mental health care services
b. Delayed incidence of PTSD
c. The unknown etiology of Gulf War Illness
d. Comorbid physical and psychological symptoms

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What has emerged from the rudimentary mental health principles in forward deployed locations?
a. Gulf War Illness
b. Combat stress intervention
c. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
d. Substance use disorders

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What are some activities that military mental health care providers engage in today?
a. Combat stress intervention only
b. Providing direct care to active duty members and their families
c. Focusing on organizational principles
d. Serving on hospital ships

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What is imperative for mental health care providers considering the changing landscape of warfare?
a. Indulgence and leniency
b. Creativity and adaptability
c. Lack of attention to stressors
d. Ignoring the impact of technological advancements

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What should mental health care providers focus on to better manage the mental health needs of those serving in the military?
a. Past oversights
b. Organizational concerns
c. Unit cohesion
d. Historical principles

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What has been the trend in the development of military mental health care services over the years?
a. Decline in services
b. Inadequate support units
c. Increase in services to military members, their families, and retirees
d. Focus on psychological warfare

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What did William James hope to achieve by treating psychology as a natural science in his seminal work? a. Philosophical breakthrough b. Transformation into a formal discipline c. Application in education d. Emphasis on psychoanalysis

How did World War I impact the size of the United States Army and its need for psychological expertise? a. Decreased army size b. Reduced need for mental testing c. Significant growth in army size d. Shift to non-military applications

Who was commissioned as a Major in the United States Army during World War I to implement mental testing techniques? a. William James b. Robert Yerkes c. Walter Scott d. Edwin Boring

What did the Committee on Classification of Personnel focus on during World War I? a. Organizational principles b. Psychological warfare c. Practical, business-oriented programs d. Aviation personnel selection

What did Edward Boring edit at the end of World War II, shaping the field of military psychology? a. The Principles of Psychology b. The Army General Classification Test c. The Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale d. A text dividing the psychological business of the Army

What is one of the major categories outlined by Edward Boring in shaping military psychology post-World War II? a. Treatment of POWs b. Observation and accuracy in perception c. Clinical interrogations of Nazi leaders d. Personality assessment emphasis

What did psychologists emphasize during the Korean War, leading to an increase in the return to duty rate? a. Personality assessments b. Combat stress principles c. Operational Psychology d. Forward psychiatry

What significant advances occurred in Operational Psychology during the Korean War? a. Exploration of brain injuries b. Implementation of propaganda c. Survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE) training d. Analysis of mental health conditions

What diagnosis was formally adopted during the Vietnam War, reflecting a better understanding of psychological issues? a. Combat Operational Stress (COS) b. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) c. Substance abuse disorder d. Dissociative identity disorder

What crisis events in 1979 contributed to the opening steps of the Global War on Terror (GWOT)? a. The Vietnam War b. The embassy hostage crisis in Iran c. The first Gulf War d. The Baader-Meinhoff bombing

What event on September 11, 2001, marked the full outbreak of the Global War on Terror (GWOT)? a. The Gulf War b. The Vietnam War c. The 9/11 terrorist attacks d. The Korean War

How did the GWOT impact the provision of mental health services in the military? a. Decreased demand for mental health services b. Reduced focus on neuropsychological training c. Produced unprecedented strains on mental health services d. Improved mental health resources

What program has seen psychologists assigned to carriers to reduce medical evacuations of naval personnel at sea? a. Operation Ashcan b. Psychology at Sea c. Combat stress operations d. Psychological warfare (PSYOPS)

What was the first wartime scenario in which detained enemy combatants were provided access to mental health evaluation and treatment services? a. World War I b. Korean War c. Vietnam War d. War on Terror (GWOT)

What marked the establishment of the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (PDP)? a. World War II b. Vietnam War c. Korean War d. The mid-1990s

What prompted President Harry S. Truman to take action regarding the Veterans Administration (VA) at the end of World War II? a. A shortage of doctors, nurses, and healthcare providers in the VA b. Concerns about the poorly organized VA healthcare system c. Anticipation of millions of military personnel becoming veterans d. All of the above

Who did President Truman appoint to assume leadership of the Veterans Administration to revitalize it? a. General Omar N. Bradley b. General Paul R. Hawley c. General Dwight D. Eisenhower d. General George S. Patton

What legislation, signed by President Truman in 1946, made major changes to the organization of medical care in the VA? a. Public Law 293 b. Veterans Care Act c. Truman's Healthcare Reform Act d. Veterans Medical Enhancement Law

What departments were established in the VA's Central Office in Washington, DC, as a result of the 1946 legislation? a. Medicine, Surgery, Rehabilitation, Psychiatry and Neurology b. Cardiology, Pediatrics, Dermatology, Orthopedics c. Obstetrics, Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Urology d. Radiology, Anesthesiology, Pathology, Emergency Medicine

Who was appointed to head clinical psychology in the VA in the spring of 1946? a. General Omar N. Bradley b. General Paul R. Hawley c. James Grier Miller d. President Harry S. Truman

How many doctoral-trained clinical psychologists did James Grier Miller receive authority to hire for the VA in 1946? a. 100 b. 250 c. 500 d. 750

What did James Grier Miller propose to recruit psychology graduate students for VA positions? a. Full-time positions with high salaries b. Part-time positions with a training assignment c. Volunteer positions for experience d. Internship programs with universities

How many psychology training positions did the VA fund in 1946 for psychology graduate students? a. 100 b. 225 c. 470 d. 650

What did James Grier Miller ask the American Psychological Association (APA) to do regarding the VA psychology training program? a. Identify universities providing training in psychological service delivery b. Fund the program with scholarships c. Develop accreditation standards for VA programs d. None of the above

In what year did APA formalize a process to help the VA identify universities for the VA psychology training program? a. 1946 b. 1952 c. 1965 d. 1980

What was the primary focus of VA psychology training positions in 1952? a. Clinical psychology b. Vocational counseling c. Research d. Psychoanalysis

What is noted as the result of the VA psychology training program's success in meeting recruitment goals? a. Development of APA's accreditation program b. Expansion of psychology research c. Creation of new VA hospitals d. Decrease in psychology graduate programs

In what year did the VA begin developing vocational counseling programs using doctoral counseling psychology staff? a. 1946 b. 1950 c. 1952 d. 1965

What unique problem did psychologists face in the 1970s when treating Vietnam-era veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a. Limited treatment experience in the non-VA sector b. Lack of interest from the veterans c. Challenges in funding treatment programs d. High prevalence of psychiatric disorders

What prompted the creation of inpatient PTSD treatment units and outpatient clinics in the VA? a. Conferences organized by Charles A. Stenger b. Legislative mandates c. Increasing numbers of WWII veterans d. Decrease in psychiatric disorders

In what year did the VA become a cabinet-level department and was renamed the Department of Veterans Affairs? a. 1950 b. 1965 c. 1971 d. 1989

What was the focus of the Mental Illness Research, Evaluation, and Clinical Centers (MIRECCs) funded from 1997 to 2004? a. Treatment of PTSD b. Psychosocial rehabilitation c. Problems of the elderly veteran d. All of the above

How many doctoral psychologists were employed by the VA at the end of the fiscal year 2011? a. 1,241 b. 2,500 c. 3,741 d. 5,000

In addition to clinical treatment programs, what other roles did psychologists play in the VA? a. Participation in cooperative research programs b. Leadership in internship and postdoctoral training c. Development of specialized treatment programs d. All of the above

How did the improvements in military care for severely wounded veterans impact the VA in the prolonged second Iraq war and the war in Afghanistan? a. Decreased demand for VA services b. Increased complexity of trauma cases c. Closure of regional polytrauma centers d. Decreased funding for mental health programs

What did Congress recognize and fund significantly for VA mental health programs at the end of fiscal year 2005? a. Research in neuropsychology b. Training programs for physicians c. Mental health programs for veterans d. Decrease in funding for VA

What percentage of all APA accredited internship programs were VA-based in 1991? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%

In the 1960s, what treatment approach did VA psychologists explore for treating veterans, surpassing the effectiveness of individual psychotherapy in many cases? a. Pharmacotherapy b. Electroconvulsive therapy c. Group psychotherapy d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

What major changes did VA psychologists contribute to from 1946 to 1988 in response to the demands on the VA? a. Expansion of inpatient treatment b. Transition to exclusive use of outpatient treatment c. Promotion and use of group psychotherapy d. Decrease in specialized treatment programs

How did psychologists contribute to the development of nontraditional treatment approaches in the VA in the 1960s? a. Exploration of psychoanalytic theory b. Adoption of behavioral and therapeutic applications c. Focus on pharmacological interventions d. Collaboration with pharmaceutical companies

Who served as the Chair of the VA’s Vietnam Veterans Committee in 1971 and played a key role in organizing conferences to address treatment issues for Vietnam-era veterans? a. General Omar N. Bradley b. General Paul R. Hawley c. Charles A. Stenger d. James Grier Miller

What were the unique challenges faced by psychologists treating veterans in the prolonged second Iraq war and the war in Afghanistan, as compared to previous conflicts? a. Decreased complexity of trauma cases b. Increased demand for VA services c. Reduced funding for mental health programs d. Higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders

What did the VA focus on in the 1990s to address the mental health problems of veterans most needing attention, with the establishment of ten Mental Illness Research, Evaluation, and Clinical Centers (MIRECCs)? a. Treatment of PTSD b. Psychosocial rehabilitation c. Problems of the elderly veteran d. All of the above

In what year did the VA begin funding postdoctoral training programs, starting with substance abuse, followed by geriatrics, PTSD, and psychosocial rehabilitation? a. 1960 b. 1975 c. 1991 d. 2005

How did the number of doctoral psychologists employed by the VA change from the end of the fiscal year 2005 to the end of the fiscal year 2011? a. Decreased b. Remained the same c. Doubled d. Tripled

What are the four main branches of the US Military routinely identified and tasked with the mission of defending the United States' interests abroad? a. Army, Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard b. Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard c. Air Force, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard d. Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy

Which branch of the US Military is the largest and oldest, comprising Active Duty, Reserve, and National Guard soldiers? a. Air Force b. Army c. Navy d. Coast Guard

What is the common denominator for all branches of the US Military, indicating the commitment of the individual to defend and protect the Constitution of the United States? a. Rank and responsibility b. Specialization c. Voluntarily sworn oath d. Geographic area of protection

Which component of the US Military comprises service members who have agreed to be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and are tasked with being the primary responder and protector of the United States' interests? a. Reserve b. National Guard c. Active Duty d. Individual Ready Reserve

What is the primary role of the Reserve component of the US Military? a. Primary responders b. Augment the active duty component as needed c. Defend and protect the Constitution d. Conduct specialized operations

How does the demographic makeup of the Active Duty component compare to that of the Reserve component in terms of age? a. Active Duty is younger on average b. Reserve is younger on average c. Both have similar average ages d. No significant age difference

What is the mandatory retirement age for service members in nondemand careers, and what is the average age of Active Duty military members? a. 55, average age 30 b. 60, average age 28.5 c. 62, average age 32.2 d. 65, average age 35

Which branch of the US Military has the highest percentage of foreign-born troops? a. Army b. Navy c. Air Force d. Marine Corps

What is the approximate percentage of women in the total active duty force of the US Military? a. 10% b. 14.4% c. 20% d. 25%

According to the 2010 Department of Defense Demographics Profile of the Military Community, what is the total number of veterans who have served in the military since 9/11/01? a. 10,000,000 b. 15,000,000 c. 22,658,000 d. 30,000,000

What are the two branches of the US Military that are not routinely identified but are tasked with the mission of defending the United States' interests abroad? a. Navy and Coast Guard b. Air Force and Marines c. Coast Guard and Uniformed Public Health Service d. Marines and Army

Among the Reserve components, how are the Army and Air Force Reserve further divided? a. Active Reserve and Inactive Reserve b. Reserve National Guard and Active National Guard c. Individual Ready Reserve and Individual Mobilization Augmentee d. Troop Program Unit and Individual Ready Reserve

What is the primary responsibility of the Active Duty component of each branch of service? a. Training reserve members b. Being the primary responder and protector of US interests c. Conducting specialized operations d. Managing administrative tasks

According to the 2010 Department of Defense Demographics Profile, what is the average age of Reserve component officers? a. 35.6 years b. 40.1 years c. 30.8 years d. 32.2 years

What is the ratio of officers to enlisted personnel in the Active Duty corps? a. 1:3 b. 1:5 c. 1:7 d. 1:10

Which service branch has the least number of officers, according to the education level? a. Air Force b. Marines c. Army d. Navy

What is the primary factor determining the pay scale for both officers and enlisted service members? a. Geographic location b. Service branch c. Rank and years in service d. Education level

According to the most recent data, which component has a higher marriage rate: Active Duty or Reserve? a. Active Duty b. Reserve c. Both have the same marriage rate d. It varies by service branch

What is the average number of children per family in both the Active Duty and Reserve components? a. One child b. Two children c. Three children d. Four children

Among Active Duty service members with children, which age group has the highest percentage of children? a. 0 to 5 years b. 6 to 12 years c. 13 to 18 years d. 18 to 21 years