Chapters 1 - 4

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

breaking substances down (releases energy)

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Building complex substances from simple substances (uses energy)

Question 4

Mass

Answer 4

amount of matter a substance contains

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

capacity to do work or put matter into motion

Question 6

Kinetic energy

Answer 6

Energy of motion

Question 7

Potential energy

Answer 7

stored energy

Question 8

Proton

Answer 8

Positively charged molecule (p+)

Question 9

Neutron

Answer 9

Neutral molecule (n0)

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

Negatively charged molecule(e-)

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

mass of neutrons and protons in the center of the electron cloud

Question 12

Valence Shell

Answer 12

outermost shell of electrons around an atom

Question 13

Atomic Number

Answer 13

Protons - also electrons

Question 14

Atomic weight - Atomic number

Answer 14

Neutrons

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Change in NEUTRONS

Question 16

How do you get an Ion?

Answer 16

Change in ELECTRONS

Question 17

Types of ions

Answer 17

Cations and Anions

Question 18

Which is positive and negative with cations and anions?

Answer 18

Cations = Positive (cats have paws)
Anions = Negative (onions/anions are bad/negative)

Question 19

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the identification of an element?

Answer 19

The proton

Question 20

Are ionic bonds weak or strong?

Answer 20

Weak

Question 21

Are covalent bonds weak or strong?

Answer 21

Strong

Question 22

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 22

Where Hydrogen is covalently bonded to Nitrogen, oxygen, or Flourine

Question 23

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 23

When molecules gain or lose electrons to another

Question 24

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 24

When molecules share electrons

Question 25

Inorganic molecules contain ___

Answer 25

Carbon or Hydrogen (but NOT both)

Question 26

Most important inorganic molecule?

Answer 26

WATER - prevents sudden change in temp, dissolves things

Question 27

What are the four types of organic molecules?

Answer 27

Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Carbohydrates

Question 28

If a number is higher on the pH scale, is it more acidic or more basic?

Answer 28

BASIC

Question 29

Which are the donors and acceptors with Acids and Bases?

Answer 29

Acids: proton DONOR (H+) Bases: proton ACCEPTOR (OH-)

Question 30

What is the monomer and polymer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 30

Monomer: monosaccharides (glucose + fructose) Polymer: Polysaccharides (maltose + glycogen + cellulose + starch)

Question 31

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Answer 31

Energy + structural support

Question 32

What elements are Lipids?

Answer 32

Carbon, Hydrogen, *some* Oxygen

Question 33

What are the monomer and polymers of a lipid?

Answer 33

Monomer: Fatty acid and Cholesterol Polymer: Fats (triglycerides, phospholipids)

Question 34

What is the function of a lipid?

Answer 34

Energy + structural support + messengers + protection + insulation

Question 35

What are the elements of proteins?

Answer 35

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen and Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 36

What are the monomers and Polymers of a protein?

Answer 36

Monomer: Amino acid (20 types) Polymer: polypeptides(over 2 million)

Question 37

What is the function of protein?

Answer 37

Structural + enzymatic + regulatory

Question 38

What are the elements of nucleic acids?

Answer 38

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus(CHONP)

Question 39

What are the monomer and polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 39

Monomer: Nucleotides (5 carbon + phosphate + nitrogenous base) Polymer: DNA and RNA

Question 40

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 40

DNA - store genetic info RNA - function in protein synthesis

Question 41

What are the 3 main parts of a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 41

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

Question 42

What is ATP?

Answer 42

Adenosine Triphosphate - a molecule that stores and provides energy for cells in ALL living organisms

Question 43

What are the two types of transport?

Answer 43

Passive and active

Question 44

What is Tonicity?

Answer 44

The ability of a solution to make water move in or out of a cell, affecting its size and shape.

Question 45

Types of tonicity?

Answer 45

Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic

Question 46

What are the 3 types of cellular junctions?

Answer 46

Tight junction, Desmosomes, Gap junctions

Question 47

When does transcription happen?

Answer 47

When you turn DNA to RNA

Question 48

When does translation happen?

Answer 48

When you turn RNA into Protein

Question 49

What are the three types of membranes?

Answer 49

Mucous, serous, and cutaneous

Question 50

What is a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst?

Answer 50

Enzyme

Question 51

What is an enzyme?

Answer 51

A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst