Chapters 1-4 Exam

Question 1

Disorder where people stop breathing when asleep

Answer 1

Apnea

Question 2

location where neurotransmitters attach on the receiving side of the synaptic gap

Answer 2

Receptor sites

Question 3

neurotransmitter important in mood, sleep, aggression, appetite

Answer 3

Serotonin

Question 4

chemical messages that neurons use to communicate at the synapse

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter

Question 5

tendency to perceive stimuli based on past experiences and expectations

Answer 5

Perceptual Set

Question 6

Inner-ear deafness resulting from damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve

Answer 6

Nerve deafness

Question 7

People naturally group items that have similarities between them, such as color, size, shape, and orientation

Answer 7

Similarity

Question 8

tendency to focus awareness on a small segment of information

Answer 8

Selective attention

Question 9

brain’s ability to modify itself after some types of injury

Answer 9

Plasticity

Question 10

Group that was interested in how our brain organizes what we percieve

Answer 10

Gestalt psychologists

Question 11

Things that people commonly dream about

Answer 11

Negative Emotional Content, Failure

Question 12

Insisted psychology should only study observable behavior

Answer 12

John Watson, B.F. Skinner, etc.

Question 13

language areas of the brain

Answer 13

Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area

Question 14

People tend to perceive a set of individual elements as a single, recognizable pattern

Answer 14

Closure

Question 15

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 15

Psychology

Question 16

interpretation of sensory information

Answer 16

Perception

Question 17

Occurs when neurotransmitters are not reabsorbed and drift out of the synaptic gap

Answer 17

Diffusion

Question 18

Brainstem does not completely block motor signals during REM sleep

Answer 18

REM sleep behavior disorder

Question 19

neurotransmitter making neurons fire and playing central role in memory and learning

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

Proposed consciousness as “stream”

Answer 20

William James

Question 21

When people perceive objects or events that have no external basis in reality

Answer 21

Hallucination

Question 22

People believe things that are arranged in a continual line or curve are related to one another

Answer 22

Continuity

Question 23

science where bumps in head reflect personality characteristics

Answer 23

Phrenology

Question 24

2 types of psych

Answer 24

Basic and Applied

Question 25

neurotransmitter inhibiting neurons firing and contributes to motor control and vision

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

Founded psychology as science based on study of consciousness

Answer 26

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

Question 27

Blocks neurotransmitters

Answer 27

Antagonist

Question 28

includes brain and spinal cords

Answer 28

Central Nervous System

Question 29

Sleepwalking and night terrors both occur in this type of sleep

Answer 29

Deep (Non-REM) sleep

Question 30

the information the brain receives from the senses

Answer 30

Sensation

Question 31

The minimum difference between two stimuli that can be noticed 50% of the time

Answer 31

Difference Threshold

Question 32

There are three types of cones: red, green and blue

Answer 32

Trichromatic Theory

Question 33

Contains photoreceptor cells

Answer 33

Retina

Question 34

Color vision is based on three "systems": red or green, blue or yellow, black or white

Answer 34

Opponent-Process Theory

Question 35

neurotransmitter enabling movement and improving memory

Answer 35

Acetylcholine

Question 36

Absorbs light energy and convert it to neural activity (include rods and cones)

Answer 36

Photoreceptors

Question 37

Middle-ear deafness resulting from problems with transferring sound waves to the inner ear

Answer 37

Conduction deafness

Question 38

the sympathetic and parasympathetic aspects of this system rev up and calm down adrenaline, respectively

Answer 38

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 39

Objects that are closer together appear to be grouped, even if there isn't a clear relationship between them

Answer 39

Proximity

Question 40

Process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending terminal bud

Answer 40

reuptake

Question 41

People instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background.

Answer 41

Figure-ground

Question 42

impairment of language

Answer 42

Aphasia

Question 43

Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation

Answer 43

Sensory Adaptation

Question 44

Misleading or distorted perceptions of stimuli that have some basis in reality

Answer 44

Illusion

Question 45

Mental representations of external events that are actively created by your brain

Answer 45

Perceptual Constructions

Question 46

We know through experience that objects do not change in shape, size, color, although sensory data might tell us otherwise

Answer 46

Perceptual Constancy

Question 47

includes everything outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 47

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 48

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

Answer 48

Absolute Threshold

Question 49

Most prevalent sleep disorder

Answer 49

Insomnia

Question 50

Our awareness of internal stimuli (thoughts and feelings) and external stimuli (sounds, smells, etc.)

Answer 50

Consciousness

Question 51

People see symmetrical elements as a single unit

Answer 51

Symmetry

Question 52

Mimics neurotransmitters

Answer 52

Agonist

Question 53

involves study of the brain and nervous system

Answer 53

Neuroscience

Question 54

Names of types of selective attention

Answer 54

Inattentional blindness, change blindness, divided attention