Chapters 1-4 Exam

Question 1

Terrestrial Planets

Answer 1

small dense rocky planets

-mercury, venus, earth, mars

Question 2

Jovian Planets

Answer 2

outer gassy planets (gas giant)

-Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

Question 3

Comets

Answer 3

icy objects that orbit the sun by Neptune

Question 4

Asteroids

Answer 4

rocky and/or metallic objects that orbit the sun

Question 5

Asteroid Belt

Answer 5

lies between mars and Jupiter

Question 6

Cosmology

Answer 6

the study of the overall structure of the universe

Question 7

Heliocentric model

Answer 7

model in which the earth and planets revolve around the sun at the center of the solar system

Question 8

Galaxy

Answer 8

group of stars

Question 9

Doppler effect

Answer 9

the frequency of wave energy appears to change when a moving source of wave energy passes an observer

Question 10

Star energy

Answer 10

moving star displays doppler shifted light

Question 11

Elements of the universe

Answer 11

Hydrogen and Helium were the first elements to form

Question 12

Generation of stars

Answer 12

a star is born when nuclear fusion starts

-at the end of a stars life it explodes to form a supernova

Question 13

Differentiation

Answer 13

process early in a planets history during which dense iron alloy melted and sank downward to form the core, leaving less dense mantle behind

Question 14

Formation of the moon

Answer 14

collision debris form a ring around the Earth

-the debris coalesces and form the moon

Question 15

Magnetic Field

Answer 15

giant dipole bar magnet

-field has north and south ends

Question 16

Atmospheric gases

Answer 16

gases that surround a planet

-with increasing elevation the atmospheric pressure and density decreases

Question 17

Solar Wind

Answer 17

the heliosphere

-the outer edge of the solar system

Question 18

Aurora

Answer 18

northern lights-aurora borealis

southern lights-aurora australis

Question 19

Topography

Answer 19

variations of elevation

Question 20

Minerals

Answer 20

cristalline solids

Question 21

Ocean Floor

Answer 21

close to 5km in depth

Question 22

Earth Elements

Answer 22

the earth Is compromised of just 4 elements

-iron,oxygen,silicon,magnesium

Question 23

Basalt & Gabbroic

Answer 23

• mafic composition

- ocean crust

Question 24

Geothermal Gradient

Answer 24

rate of T changes with depth

-determined by tectonic setting

Question 25

Lithosphere

Answer 25

crust and uppermost mantle | -rigid brittle (breaks rather than bends)

Question 26

Asthenosphere

Answer 26

uppermost mantle below the lithosphere | -platic/ductile (bends rather than breaks)

Question 27

Wegner

Answer 27

suggested continental drift | -wrote the origins of oceans and continents in 1915

Question 28

Pangea

Answer 28

a supercontinent that assembled at the end of the Paleozoic era

Question 29

Continental Drift

Answer 29

the idea that continents have moved and are still moving slowly across earths surface

Question 30

Seafloor spreading

Answer 30

continents move apart | -upwelling mantle erupts @ mid ocean ridge

Question 31

Volcanoes

Answer 31

poke up from the ocean floor

Question 32

Earthquakes

Answer 32

occur in the concentrated belts - deep ocean tenches - MOR axes - fracture zones

Question 33

Trench

Answer 33

@ trenches the seafloor subjects back into the mantle

Question 34

Magnetic anomaly

Answer 34

polarity reversals explain magnetic anomaly stripes on sea floor

Question 35

Positive anomaly

Answer 35

Seafloor rock normal polarity

Question 36

Negative anomaly

Answer 36

seafloor rock reversed polarity

Question 37

Plate tectonics

Answer 37

explanation of how earth works

Question 38

Active margin

Answer 38

margins near plate boundaries

Question 39

Passive margin

Answer 39

margins far from plate boundaries

Question 40

Divergent boundary

Answer 40

tectonic plates move apart

Question 41

Convergent boundary

Answer 41

tectonic plates move together

Question 42

Transform boundary

Answer 42

tectonic plates slide sideways

Question 43

Subduction

Answer 43

old oceanic lithosphere is more dense than mantle

Question 44

Guyot

Answer 44

subsidence creates a guyot | -seamount with a flat top

Question 45

Ridge push

Answer 45

elevated MOR pushes lithosphere away

Question 46

Slab pull

Answer 46

gravity pulls a subducting plate downward

Question 47

Plate Motion

Answer 47

plates are dragged atop a convecting mantle | -age changes marks rate of plate motion