Chapters 1-5 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
theories
A
- how we see the developing child
- cant understand development without this
2
Q
Biological theory
A
- looking at genotype (DNA) and phenotype (intelligence, temperament)
- look at difference between males/females
- looking at behaviors that ensure survival of the species
3
Q
Jane Goodall-Bio Theorist
A
-Looked at Chimps
4
Q
Darwin- bio theorist
A
- natural selection
- survival of the fittest
5
Q
Survival of the species
A
-breastfeeding
co-sleeping
6
Q
90% of the world co-sleeps, who is the outlier
A
The US
7
Q
Optimal development
A
-baby mammals need their mothers/or substitute permanent mother
8
Q
invetrofetilization
A
- fertilizes the egg outside he body
- (350 million sperm): does not allow for natural selection
9
Q
Harlow
A
- took monkeys away from mothers, put them in a lab
- “MOM’ 1: rough w/milk
- “MOM” 2: soft w/o milk
- babies went and fed but them immediately went back to MOM 2
10
Q
Attachment
A
IS about security and safety
- Innate (born with this)
- Time is the central component of this
- most activated by stress
- Does not change, it changes form and lasts a life time
- Attachment person serves as a model for all future relationships
11
Q
Neurology
A
We know male and female brains are different
12
Q
Bowlby-Attachment
A
two theories blended (psycoanalytic-Freud) & (Ethology)
- culture is so important it can override instincts
- ONE primary attachment (not solidified till 4-5 years)
- Different from dependency
13
Q
Ethology
A
Study of mammals every way (cognitive, neurologically)
14
Q
PORK experiment
A
2 groups of kids 5-6 year olds, 1 group bottle fed/crib slept/daycare kids, 2 group breastfed/co-sleeping/mom raised.The crib sleepers stayed by mom and didn’t want to go play because there is no trust that mom won’t leave. 98% of group 2 went and played because there was trust
15
Q
Helicopter
A
- Not the same as attachment
- this is fear based
16
Q
-FREUD- Psychoanalytic Theory
A
- Psychosexual stages
- mother/child relationship is most important (bio. mom)
- According to him everyone goes through these stages
- needs must be met to advance in stages
- earlier you are fixated the more pathological you are
17
Q
Psychosexual Stages- ORAL stage
A
- All needs centered around the mouth
- ex: child breastfed by mother
- if fixated, overeating, smoking, drinking sucking on things, etc
- should last between 3rd and 7th birthday
18
Q
Psychosexual Stages- ANAL stage
A
-Anal Explosive: Stare at mom and poop
(Hoarders)
-Anal Retentive: Hold potty, and don’t want to go to hold power over mom
(OCD)
-Around the world 2-3 year old boys are 2-24 months behind girls in this stage
19
Q
Psychosexual Stages- PHALLIC stage
A
- 3-6 year olds, genital focus, feels much more different to rub a knee than genitals.
- self-explore other genders genitals
- Genital mouth contact is a HUGE problem (could be considered sexual abuse)
- if fixated, sexual frigid, sexual contact, highly promiscuous
20
Q
“The child is the father of man”
A
what happens to us when younger determines what we are like when older
21
Q
Erickson
A
- He was a freudian and added to his theories
- Staged theorist
22
Q
Psychosocial Stage 1
A
trust vs mistrust: birth to 1 year
23
Q
ID
A
We are born with this and is all about me, selfish and bride-less
24
Q
Superego
A
phallic stage, conscious, “do not do it”
25
Ego
Phallic stage, rational component
26
Oedipal complex
when the child falls in love with the parent of the opposite sex
27
Electra complex
fall in love with dad
28
Behaviorism
Theory created to debunk the psychoanalytic theory
if it can't be measured or seen it isn't real
the current environment motivated behavior
-no personality based on consequences
-positive and negative reinforcements
29
Watson-behavior
- nature vs. nurture
- child's environment is the factor that shapes behavior over natural temperament
- conditioned a kid with scary noises to become afraid of certain objects
30
Skinner-behavior
- father of operant conditioning (consequences of a response is determined by it being repeated)
- Skinner box with an animal in there
31
Pavlov-behavior
-classical conditioning (salivation of dogs to a bell/noise of some sort)
32
Bandura-behavior
- observing, modeling and imitating the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others
- social learning considers both environmental and cognitive factors that influence human learning and behavior
33
Cognitive Theory-Piaget
- looking at how thinking changes with are, problem solving
- staged theorist
- developmental precedes learning (you have to be in that stage before you learn something new)
34
Cognitive: Stage 1 (sensorimotor)
- birth to 2 years olds
- learning the curves through senses, baby picking up cherries and drop on the group
- fine motor skills (pinch/grasp)
35
Cognitive: Stage 2 (Pre-operational)
- 3 to 7 years
| - language, unable to conserve (do not understand mass)
36
Cognitive: Stage 3 (concrete)
- 7 to 12 year olds
- you can feel it and see it, and touch it
- cant think abstractly, starting to learn empathy/sharing/learning the rules of a game
37
Cognitive: Stage 4 (Formal operations)
- 12 to forever
| - start thinking abstractly, can think about the future and planning
38
Vygotsky
- learn it before you move to the next
| - two types of learning Rote and Authentic
39
Rote learning
you did good in physics class but it is instantly gone after the test
40
Authentic Learning
you learn it, and can actually talk about it and debate/analyze and then apply it to real life
-occurs only in social relationships
41
What percentage of SPED kids in American males?
90%
42
ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
the place where real learning occurs, you know you're there when you can do it with little bit of scaffolding (prompting)
- Two other zones in this
- Way over the head & Already known, when in these zones we zone out and don't pay attention to what is being taught
43
Ecological Systems Theory: Bronfen Brenner
-Baby circle: Microsystems(family, loved ones)
-Meso system: (school, work)
-Exo system: (laws, policy)
-Macro system: cultural beliefs
Chrono circle: biggest circle ( historical time)
-continually being influenced
44
Locke
- children are born as blank slates and we can mold them into anything
- FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM
- children are born blank slates
45
Gissell
- opposite of Locke
- all nature and maturation
- all humans need nurturing, shelter, love , socialization
- cannot change people, they are born that way
46
Preconception
- wants best environment for baby, they respond to light/sound/music in utero
- avoid toxins if trying to conceive (drugs, alcohol)
47
Conception
- baby helmets (fix flat heads in America)
| - During the Renaissance (wet nurses, women employed to the nurse the baby)
48
Breastfeeding
-your body will not release an egg and ovulation will occur
49
Russo
-children are born good, let them play
50
Childbirth 1900s
- children born at home
- when drugged your immune system is not working correctly
- increase in infant deaths when taken to the hospital
- when birth medicalized, men became "experts"
- illegal to have birth at home in NE and AL
51
what percentage of problems are predicted in prenatal care
98%
52
what percentage of US women do not get prenatal because they can't afford it
25%
53
Prenatal test
there should be no ultrasounds unless there is a high risk situation according to experts
54
Electrical fetal monitoring
there are two kinds and they are not necessary
- External: we lay women on her back and put electrodes on her turning to see baby heart rate, laying on back slows labor
- internal: go through vaginal canal put electrodes on babies head
55
what percentage of babies are born at home
75%
56
lowest infant mortality rate in the world
Norway
57
what percentage of babies were born at home with a midwife (Norway)
90%
58
C-sections
invasive, major surgery, that can cause infection or death easily
-20-50 thousand dollars
59
Vaginal Births
-2-6 thousand
-birth plan
-
60
Pitocin
drug given to give constant contractions
61
Three stages of labor
- the longest can last for days
- the quickest, baby in birth canal
- birthing the placenta
62
Pregnancy
only can get pregnant when ovulating
- conception occurs in the Fallopian tubes
- 14 days for the egg to travel down and implant
- conviced women in america that they can give birth without drugs
- very common to puke or poo during birth
63
birth control
does not allow zygote to plant and gives it a hostile environment
64
teratogen
- envirometnal agent responsible for birth defects
- alcohol, any type of drug
- mammals secrete natural opiates
65
Adrenaline
cervix freezes, best way to get mammal to birth is for a relaxed enviorment
66
Episiotomy
cutting the perineum (in-between vaginal and butthole)
67
what percentage of women in the US are drugged for birth
about 90-98%
68
Epidural
- can deriviative, the drugs enter the placenta and babies brain in secomas (numbs from the ribs down)
- drugs are based off of moms weight and not the babies (could harm the baby)
- increases c-section rate by 80%
69
Colic
baby crying all the time and no way to make it stop
| -not in those two prattle breastfeeding and co-sleeping
70
what percentage of women who have an epidural have long-term side effects
25%
| -headaches, backspin fever, utilizing, numbness in legs, weakness in the legs
71
Due Dates
less than 1% of babies are actually born on their due date unless induced
- 2-3 weeks of due date be prepared for baby
- age of mom, # of pregnancies , drug use, health status, genetics are factors that affect length of it
72
Water Breaking
cervix has a "plug" baby is safe and clean in there, and then mom goes potty or something and little pinkish mucus is gone the water breaks
73
Breach
upside down baby (we want head of baby towards vagina)
| -could unbreach baby with sound, light or music
74
what percentage of babies were born vaginally before the 1970s?
90%
75
Hunts Research
3000 babies die everyday on this earth from not being breastfed
76
Freed
women do the best they can with the information given-
| -when babies are born their immune system is nonexistent
77
grulee's work
babies who drank formula were sicker/hospitalized, and died more
78
Breastfeeding
- impacts you for the rest of your life
- protects women for the rest of her life
- releases oxytocin and prolactin
- 500-1500 calories
79
surgeon genreal
we would save billions of dollars if women breastfed`
80
Gallop
choosing not to breastfeed faults oxygen and prolactin which brings the grief response
-stimulate the death of a child
81
the #1 allergy is
dairy
82
mammal milk is really low in what
vitamin D
83
Cholstrome
first milk after baby is born, very rich in nutrients and immunity
84
Deciduous teeth
20 baby teeth
85
what percentage of all formula is purchased by WIC
49%
86
Furbur
best selling book (how to get your baby to sleep during nights)
-go up in minutes every night when babies cry
87
Babies
-babies are born with smoky blue eyes
-average length is 19-21 inches
-average weight is 7-8 pounds
newborns sleep around 16-17 a day
88
Lanugo
infant hair in weird places
89
Fontanels
soft spots on babies head (6 of them)
| closes around 18-24 months
90
Preemie
less than 37 weeks
91
what percentage of formula milk is digestible
60%
92
what percentage of the world practices co-sleeping?
80-90%
93
Primate
biologically designed to sleep with mom
| 4 digits and a thumb
94
Co-sleeping
sleeping with mom where physical touch is possible
95
JJ McKenna
lead expert in co-sleeping
| when baby is REM sleep he forgets to breath, mom jumps starts babies breathing
96
what place in the world practices co-sleeping for the longest period of Time?
Japan about 8-9 years
97
how long to suffocate a baby
about 4-6 minutes
98
what percentage of SIDS deaths occur in the crib
98.4%
99
Circumcision
you circumsize boys not girls in America
| not medically necessary
100
what percentage of males are cicumsised worldwide?
15%
