Chapters 1-6 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is abnormal behavior?
Behavior that is culturally inappropriate, is accompanied by subjective distress, and involves a psychological impairment
What is paranoia?
Unfounded, irrational, or exaggerated suspicion or mistrust of others
What is cultural relaitivty?
The perspective that different cultures may use different standard in defining abnormality
What should be considered when deciding if a behavior is culturally inappropriate?
The context in which the behavior occurs
What is subjective distress?
Emotion or internal experience that is distressing to the individual but cannot be directly observed by others
What is psychological disability?
Inability to cope with life’s demands and stresses, or difficulty in functioning in important daily social and interpersonal roles
What is the naming fallacy?
The incorrect assumption that by applying a label or name to something, we have in some sense explained it
What is the criteria for something to be “clinically significant?”
The behavioral or psychological syndrome would have to be considered important and serious enough to presume that the individual is usually not able to manage the condition alone
What is diagnostic reliability?
Consistency and agreement between clinicians in use of a diagnostic label
What is a case study?
The in-depth examination of an individual clinical case
What is epidemiological research?
The study of the incidence of a disorder in a population
What is random sampling?
Selecting subjects by chance from some larger population
What is realibility?
The extent to which a measure consistently yields the same results on repeated trials
What is interobserver reliability?
The extent to which different observers agree on the way they categorize or in some way quantify a given observation
What is validity?
The extent to which a measure asses what it is purported to assess
What is operational definition?
A definition of a target behavior in terms of how it is measured
What is a construct?
A hypothetical or theoretical concept that cannot be measured directly
What is construct validity?
The degree to which an assessment measures the hypothetical construct that it claims to measures
What is correlational research?
When the investigator attempts to demonstrate an association or correlation between two or more measurements
What is correlation coefficient?
A measure of the direction and strength of the relationship between variables
What is the experimental method?
Research method in which conditions are manipulated in order to test the effects of manipulations on various measures
What is the experimental group?
Group on which manipulation of interest is performed as an experimental design
What is the control group?
Group that is treated similarly to the experimental group in an experimental design, expect that no manipulation is performed
What is significant difference?
A difference unlikely to have occurred by chance and therefore reflecting a real effect
