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Multicultural Counseling > Chapters 1-8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Antiracist

A

A person with a nonracist identity who advocates and actively intervenes when injustice makes its presence felt at the individual, institutional, and societal levels

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2
Q

Behavioral resistance

A

Resistance that entails paralysis or inaction in the presence of discrimination from majority group individuals

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3
Q

Cognitive resistance

A

A form of intellectual denial in which individuals from the majority group provide alternative reasons or excuses to explain incidences of racism, oppression, or discrimination

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4
Q

Cultural competence

A

The awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively with culturally diverse populations

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5
Q

Emotional affirmation

A

Occurs when individuals from marginalized groups feel their lives experiences of oppression and discrimination has been heard, acknowledged, understood, and validated

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6
Q

Emotional invalidation

A

When individuals negate or dismiss the lived experiences of oppression and discrimination of marginalized groups

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7
Q

Emotional resistance

A

A defensive maneuver that entails emotions such as guilt or anger, that block self-exploration

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8
Q

Microaggression

A

The everyday slights, put-downs and insults directed to socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people who may be unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful behaviors

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9
Q

Nested/embedded emotions

A

Unacknowledged emotions regarding one’s thoughts about race, culture, or gender

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10
Q

Nonracist

A

Individuals who own up to their biases, and acknowledge their past oppressive attitudes and actions

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11
Q

Worldview

A

Composed of people’s attitudes, values, and beliefs that affect how people think, define events, make decisions, and behave

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12
Q

Collectivism

A

A philosophy that the psychosocial unit of identity resides in the family, group or collective society

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13
Q

Cultural humility

A

A complementary component to cultural competence associated with an open attitudinal stance or a multiculturalist open orientation without consideration of cultural differences

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14
Q

Cultural incompetence

A

When counselors unwittingly impose their standards of normality and abnormality upon cultural diverse clients without consideration of cultural differences.

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15
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The belief that cultural differences must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of culturally diverse groups

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16
Q

Cultural-bound syndromes

A

Mental diagnosis unique to various cultures.

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17
Q

Emic

A

The belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies

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18
Q

Etic (fix)

A

The belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies.

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19
Q

Group level of identity

A

Identity associated with group membership

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20
Q

Individual level of identity

A

Identity which acknowledges that no two individuals are alike, because people are unique and do not share the same experiences in life

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21
Q

Knowledge

A

The presence of accurate information about diverse groups

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22
Q

Multicultural counseling/therapy

A

A helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of diverse clients

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23
Q

Personalismo

A

A Latino/a cultural orientation whereby people relationships are more valued over institutional obligations and responsibilities

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24
Q

Skills

A

Specific expertise and ability to effectively utilize therapies and knowledge to help clients from cultures different from the therapist

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25
Social justice
Active engagement and action in working toward equal access and opportunity for all people and in fighting injustice in all its forms.
26
Universal level of identity
Identity that acknowledges people have a universal level of identity, are similar to one another, originate from the same species, and share qualities that make them human
27
Communication styles
Characteristics of communication associated with race, gender, and other group identities often manifested in verbal and nonverbal communication language
28
Cultural values
Values held in common by a cultural group
29
Historical stereotypes
Stereotypes which are ruled by the historical relationship between cultural groups.
30
Interracial/interethnic bias
The bias that a person of one racial/ethnic group harbors for members of another racial/ethnic group which can be ruled by erroneous stereotypes or negative experiences.
31
Interracial/interethnic Conflict
There are differences between interracial groups that are infrequently publicly aired because of possible political ramifications for group unity
32
Interracial/interethnic discrimination
The discrimination that is extended to a racial/ethnic group or member by another racial/ethnic group or member
33
Interracial/interethnic group relations
This pertains to the historical and current relationships between racial/ethnic groups
34
Model minority
A socially marginalized group that is deemed to have been successful in U.S. society
35
Racial/ethnic identity
The identity one forms as a member of a racial or ethnic group
36
Cultural encapsulation
Counselors who are culturally unaware and who operate in isolation from a broader cultural context
37
Cultural paranoia
Used to describe the guardedness, suspiciousness and mistrust of marginalized group members toward majority group members
38
Generally deficient model
Belief that people of color are inferior by virtue of their biological makeup
39
Paranorm
Used to describe the norm of cultural paranoia, which has proven to be a survival mechanism among people of color
40
Scientific racism
Racial attitudes and beliefs expressed under the guise of science and scientific findings
41
Social justice counseling
Counseling that operates from an active philosophy and approach to producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity
42
Attractiveness
Based upon how similar the clients is to the counselor
43
Color blindness
When whites profess to not see the “color” of persons of color
44
Credibility
People who perceived as possessing expertness and trustworthiness
45
Cultural oppression
When members of the dominant culture impose their standards upon culturally diverse populations without regard for differences
46
Ethnocentric monoculturalism
Refers to a belief in the superiority of one’s group’s cultural heritage over another, and the imposition of those standards upon the less powerful group
47
Institutional racism
A set of institutional policies, and priorities, designed to subjugate, oppress, and force dependence of individuals and groups on the larger society
48
Invisible veil
The invisibility of people’s values and beliefs which are outside the levels of conscious awareness
49
Locus of control
Refers to people’s beliefs about the degree of control they have over their life circumstances
50
Locus of responsibility
Refers to the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system
51
Playing it cool
A survival mechanism to appear serene while concealing one’s true feelings of anger and frustration toward oppressors
52
The authority set
A psychological orientation that attributes higher credibility to people who occupy a particular legitimate position
53
The consistency set
A psychological orientation toward accepting or rejecting information based upon whether it is consistent with other opinions, beliefs, or behaviors
54
The economic set
A psychological orientation most concerned with the perceived rewards and punishments that a source is able to deliver
55
The identity set
A psychological orientation that makes information credible if it is consistent with one’s group identity
56
The problem-solving set
A psychological orientation toward obtaining correct information that has adaptive value in the real world
57
Uncle Tom syndrome
A survival mechanism used by people of color to appear docile, Nonassertive, and happy-go-lucky
58
Unintentional racism
Racism and unconscious bias that is invisible to those who perpetuate it
59
Victim blaming
Explanations that attribute blame to margins group members for their status in life when the cause is due to external barriers such as bias and discrimination
60
White privilege
The unearned advantages and privileges that accrue to people of light-colored skin
61
Ableism
Negative bias toward people with disabilities
62
Aversive racism
A form of subtle and unintentional racism
63
Covert sexism
Unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner
64
Heterosexism
Cultural ideology that assumes heterosexuality to be the societal norm and distinctively superior to homosexuality
65
Homonegativity
Includes homophobia and cultural attitudes that devalue sexual minorities
66
Islamaphobia
Prejudice directed toward Muslim individuals or followers of Islam
67
Microassault
Blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attacks intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
68
Microinsult
Behaviors or verbal comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person’s group identity heritage
69
Microinvalidation
Verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of the target group
70
Overt sexism
Blatant unequal and unfair treatment of women
71
Subtle sexism
Unequal and unfair treatment of women that is embedded in our culture and often perceived as normal appropriate behaviors
72
Transphobia
Prejudice against transgendered individuals
73
Activity dimension
A reference of how different cultural groups lie in their action orientation from one of “doing” and influencing the world, to one of “being” or living in harmony with nature
74
Class-bound values
Socioeconomic values that permeate counseling and psychotherapy and may prove disadvantageous to clients from poverty or less affluent situations
75
Culture-bound values
Traditional western counseling and therapy are seen to possess the values of the dominant culture
76
Egalitarian roles
When roles are based on equality between genders
77
Emotional expressiveness
The value placed on clients who are encouraged to express their feelings and to verbalize their emotional reactions
78
Family systems
This compromises the system that makes up the family and includes structural alliances and communication patterns
79
Individual centered
A culture-bound value in mental health practice in which the individual is the psychological unit of operation and independence and autonomy are the primary goal of treatment
80
Individualism
One of the primary values of U.S. culture and society and refers to valuing independence
81
Linguistic barriers
Language barriers often place culturally diverse clients at a disadvantage because counseling is usually provided in standard English
82
Minority standard time
A reference to how people from situations of poverty often perceived time, and the resultant effects it has on behavior
83
Nature of people dimension
A reference to how different culture groups view human nature
84
Patriarchal roles
A division of roles where males are given greater status, prestige and influence in the family and society
85
QUOID
An acronym for clients less preferred by mental health professionals and stands for quiet, ugly, old, indigent, and dissimilar culturally
86
Relational dimension
A reference to cultural group relations and whether they are more collateral or individualistic in orientation
87
Scientific empiricism
Western value placed on empiricism which involves objective, rational, linear, thinking as the means to define and solve problems
88
Social class
Refers to where one falls on the socioeconomic spectrum
89
Time dimension
How different societies, cultures, and people view time can be divided into being past, present, or future oriented
90
YAVIS syndrome
An acronym meant to indicate counselor preference for clients who are young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful
91
High/ low context communication
Reference to whether a person relies more on the context to interpret the meaning or the content of the message
92
High-context cultures
Communications that rely more on the context to interpret the meaning of messages
93
Kinesics
The study of how bodily movements that include facial expression, posture, characteristics of movements, gestures, and eye contact orientation affect interpersonal transactions
94
Low-context cultures (LC)
Communications that rely more on the content of what is said to interpret the meaning of the message
95
Nonverbals as reflection of bias
Nonverbal behaviors that are likely to reflect the unconscious biases or attitudes of the person
96
Nonverbals as triggers to bias
Nonverbal behaviors that may trigger racist stereotypes and fears in the individual
97
Paralanguage
The study of how vocal cues such as loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate of speech, and inflection affect communication
98
Playing the dozens
Considered by many blacks to be the highest form of verbal provocation and impromptu speaking
99
Proxemics
The study of how sociodemographic identities affect the use of conversing distances and their meanings
100
Therapeutic style
The helping style of the therapist as influenced by their theoretical orientation, race, gender and other variables
101
Woofing
Among some black Americans, it refers to a form of verbal banter which is and exchange of threats and challenges to fight
102
Culturally deficient model
Belief that people of color are inferior because they were culturally disadvantaged, deficient, or deprived of a white middle-class upbringing
103
Culture-bound training
Multicultural training that reflects only one cultural perspective, usually the white, EuroAmerican, middle-class perspective
104
Culturally diverse model
Belief that all cultures are valued and that diversity should not indicate whether one group’s cultural heritage is better than another’s
105
Cultural deprivation
The belief that groups of color are “culturally deprived” because the lack white middle-class values
106
Stereotype threat
When an individual of a marginalized group fear inadvertently confirming a mistaken notion about their group
107
Socially marginalized groups
These are groups that are excluded from the dominant social order and are often linked to another culture and social status

Multicultural Counseling (1 decks)

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