Chapters 1 and 2

Question 1

What is the median plane?

Answer 1

Divides the body down the middle of the sagittal plane (left and right)

Question 2

What is the axial plane?

Answer 2

Divides the body into the top and bottom; transverse plane

Question 3

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 3

Divides the body into top and bottom; axial plane

Question 4

What is the coronal plane?

Answer 4

Divides the body from front to back (chop the face off); frontal plane

Question 5

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 5

Divides the body into a front and back (“cut the face off”)

Question 6

Difference between caudal and cranial?

Answer 6

butt/head

Question 7

Difference between ventral and dorsal?

Answer 7

belly/back

Question 8

Define flexion

Answer 8

generally: a movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle to the body

Question 9

Define extension

Answer 9

generally: a movement in the sagittal plane that “straightens” or increases the angle from the body

Question 10

Difference between elevation/depression

Answer 10

elevation- movement of a body part superiorly

depression- movement of a body part inferiorly

Question 11

To what body part does protraction/retraction apply?

Answer 11

scapula

Question 12

To what body part does pronation/supination apply?

Answer 12

radius/ulna- supination is when you have your palm up asking for soup

Question 13

To what body part does dorsiflexion/plantarflexion apply to?

Answer 13

ankle- dorsi- flex the dorsal foot up to you- foot up

Question 14

To what body part does eversion/inversion refer to?

Answer 14

ankle- inversion puts your foot in

Question 15

What body part does opposition/reposition refer to?

Answer 15

thumb/little finger- opposition- touch “opposites” bring pinky and thumb together in palm

Question 16

To what body part does protrusion/retrusion refer?

Answer 16

the mandible

Question 17

What is it called when the trunk moves laterally?

Answer 17

Lateral bending

Question 18

Define: superficial fascia

Answer 18

also known as subcutaneous layer (and hypodermis?)

layer of loose connective tissue found just beneath the skin, contains mostly fat. Also contain lymph vessels, blood vessels, glands, and nerves

Question 19

Define: deep fascia

Answer 19

Forms a continuous layer over muscles, blood vessels, and body cavities. often named after the tissue it covers.

Question 20

What is fascia called that surrounds a blood vessel?

Answer 20

Sheath

Question 21

What is a retinacula?

Answer 21

A deep fascia that binds down muscles/tendons, such as the retinacula in your hands

Question 22

What is the difference between a aponeuroses and a tendon?

Answer 22

tendons are usually cord like and aponeuroses are sheet like. Both attach to muscle bodies

Question 23

What are some factors that can contribute to a muscle’s name (5)?

Answer 23

shape, size, location, fiber direction, and action

Question 24

What are the 4 types of gross boney features?

Answer 24

elevation- process, head, condyle, ridge, crest, etc.
depression- fossa, fovea, sulcus, notch, etc.
opening- foramen, hiatus
space- cavity, canal

Question 25

What are the three types of joints and characteristics of each?

Answer 25

Fibrous- mostly immobile, connected by strong fibers- skull plates Synovial- surrounded by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid there are 6 subtypes of synovial (ball and socket etc.)- knee, shoulder, hip, etc. Cartilaginous- vertebrae or pubic symphsis

Question 26

Describe the subdivisions of the skeleton.

Answer 26

Appendicular- skeleton of the limbs and what they attach to Axial- skull, spine, ribs, sacrum/coccyx

Question 27

Largest artery in the body

Answer 27

aorta

Question 28

major artery of the neck

Answer 28

common carotid

Question 29

major artery of the neck and shoulder

Answer 29

subclavian

Question 30

major artery of the axilla (armpit)

Answer 30

axillary

Question 31

major artery of the arm

Answer 31

brachial

Question 32

lateral major artery of the forearm

Answer 32

radial

Question 33

Medial major artery of the forearm

Answer 33

ulnar

Question 34

major pelvic artery

Answer 34

common iliac

Question 35

major artery of the thigh

Answer 35

femoral

Question 36

largest vein of the body; returns blood from the body below the heart

Answer 36

inferior vena cava

Question 37

returns blood to heart from body above heart

Answer 37

superior vena cava

Question 38

major deep vein of the neck

Answer 38

internal jugular

Question 39

major deep vein of the shoulder

Answer 39

subclavian

Question 40

major deep vein of the axilla

Answer 40

axillary

Question 41

major deep vein of the arm

Answer 41

brachial

Question 42

major deep vein of the lateral forearm

Answer 42

radial

Question 43

major deep vein of the medial forearm

Answer 43

ulnar

Question 44

vein associated with hips and pelvic

Answer 44

common iliac

Question 45

major deep vein in the thigh

Answer 45

femoral

Question 46

major superficial vein in the neck

Answer 46

external jugular

Question 47

superficial vein on the lateral part of the arm

Answer 47

cephalic

Question 48

superficial vein on the medial side of the arm

Answer 48

basilic

Question 49

major superficial vein of the thigh and leg

Answer 49

saphenous

Question 50

Many times veins and arteries are found in tandem. What is this called?

Answer 50

venae comitante

Question 51

Sometimes there is more than one vessel to supply or drain a tissue. What are these vessels called?

Answer 51

anastomosis

Question 52

Describe collateral circulation

Answer 52

alternative routes that for blood flow; paticularly common around joints

Question 53

What is an end artery?

Answer 53

It is the only vessel supplying a particular tissue (lack of anastomoses). If blocked, the tissue will die, or necrose.

Question 54

Define ischemia and infarct

Answer 54

ischemia: reduced blood flow to a tissue infarct: the death of cells due to ischemia

Question 55

What are the two broad types of lymphatic tissue?

Answer 55

lymph nodes and lymph vessels

Question 56

What is the thoracic duct?

Answer 56

Lymph duct that drains lower body and left side of the body (including left side of the head)

Question 57

What is the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 57

Drains the right arm and right side of the head

Question 58

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 58

Divides the body into right and left SIDES. When the plane is straight thru the middle of the body it is the median or midsaggital