Chapters 10,11,12,13

Question 1

Define life

Answer 1

The condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death

Question 2

Biological species concept

Answer 2

The most widely excepted series concept. It defines species in terms of interbreeding. For instance Ernst mayor defined a species as follows: “Species are groups of interbreeding natural population that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.”

Question 3

Morphological species concept

Answer 3

Characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features and is applied to asexual and sexual organisms and useful one information on gene flow is unknown.

Question 4

The purpose of a phylogenic tree and what it can demonstrate

Answer 4

It shows the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities

Question 5

Microevolution

Answer 5

Evolutionary change within a species or a small group of organisms, especially over a short period.

Question 6

Macroevolution

Answer 6

Major evolutionary change. The term applies meaning to the evolution of whole taxonomic groups over long period of time

Question 7

How adaptive radiation and extinction impacts revolution

Answer 7

Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. Yes extensions reduce diversity by killing off specific lineages, and with them, any decended species they may have given rise to.

Question 8

Biodiversity found in the three domains

Answer 8

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

Question 9

The three characteristics that define all animals

Answer 9

All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, and heterotrophs

Question 10

The features that define an animals evolutionary success

Answer 10

Adaptation, survival of the fittest

Question 11

The features of vertebrates and invertebrates

Answer 11

All vertebrates have backbones, skulls ,and other skeletal bones which form an endoskeleton. Vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical with two pairs of appendages. Invertebrates have no backbone, they are multicellular organisms be completely whacked cell walls and have no endoskeleton.

Question 12

characteristics that have led to the evolutionary success of the arthropods

Answer 12

The body segmented, paired segmented appendages, a chitinous exoskeleton, tubular alimentary Canal, bilateral symmetry, the circulatory system

Question 13

The evolution of primates

Answer 13

Humans did not evolve from apes, gorillas, or chips. We are all modern species that have followed different evolutionary paths, though humans share a common ancestor with some primates, such as the African ape.

Question 14

How are plants different than other eukaryotic organisms

Answer 14

Cell walls, cell membranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles

Question 15

The unique features of plants that allow them to succeed on land

Answer 15

Development of spores with durable protective walls around the spores to tolerate dry conditions, waxy cuticle to produce water loss across the walls, development of a vascular system allowing plans access to water deep in the soil, stomata what’s your pores in the cuticles of leaves which can open and close, specialized cells with thickened walls for rigid support

Question 16

The features of seedless and seed plants

Answer 16

Seedless plants have tracheophytes, sporophyte, and gametophyte. Seed plants have vascular tissues and use seeds to reproduce. They mostly live on land and all have body plans that include, leaves, stems, and roots

Question 17

Benefits of a vascular system in plants

Answer 17

The assemblage of conducting tissues and assorted supportive fibers. Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved minerals to the leaves, phloem tissue conducts food from the leaves and all parts of the plant

Question 18

Structure of a seed and ways in which seeds can be distributed

Answer 18

A seed develops from an ovule after fertilization. Seeds can be dispersed in for ways: wind dispersal, water dispersal, animal dispersal, and explosions

Question 19

The role of fruits in the reproductive cycle

Answer 19

A fruit is a mature ovary and is associated parts. It usually contains seeds, which have developed from the enclosed ovule.

Question 20

How plants defend themselves against predators

Answer 20

Thorns, chemicals

Question 21

The structure of a typical fungus, and ways in which fungi we interact with other species

Answer 21

Main body of the most fungi is made up of fine, branching, usually colorless threads of Hyphae. They can be eaten by other animals, they can infect animals, they can live symbiotically in association with another organism

Question 22

How microbes are different from other groups of organisms

Answer 22

Microbes are microscopic organisms

Question 23

Methods of lateral gene transfer in bacteria

Answer 23

Mechanisms

Question 24

The role of normal flora in the body and probiotic therapy

Answer 24

Normal flora are bacteria in which are found in or on our bodies on a semi-permanent basis without causing disease. Probiotic therapy is taking probiotic medicine for a bacterial infection (bronchitis, strep throat, etc.)

Question 25

Anabiotic resistance in bacteria

Answer 25

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are bacteria that are not controlled or killed by antibiotics. They are able to survive and even multiply in the presence of an antibiotic

Question 26

Features of archaea with bacteria and eukaryotes

Answer 26

Archaea have cell walls and fatty acids. Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, rod shaped chromosomes

Question 27

The process of viral infection and replication

Answer 27

Replication and mechanism depends on the viral genome. DNA viruses usually host cell proteins and enzymes to make additional DNA that is transcribed to messenger RNA, which is then used to direct protein synthesis

Question 28

The lifecycle of the HIV virus

Answer 28

CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in protecting the body from infection. HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process which is carried out in 7 steps or stages is called the HIV life cycle.