Chapters 10-12

Question 1

A development in probation supervision that attempts to provide public safety and offender accountability through intensive monitoring and supervision of the probationer.

Answer 1

Intensive supervision probation (ISP)

Question 2

An informal or formal disposition that is based in the community, involving conditions (court-imposed rules) and supervision by a probation officer.

Answer 2

Juvenile probation

Question 3

Court-imposed rules that are a central part of the disposition of probation. Juveniles placed on probation by the court must obey these conditions in order to live in the community and avoid confinement.

Answer 3

Probation conditions

Question 4

Monitoring and assistance of probationers by probation officers. The approach to supervision taken by probation officers determines the relative emphasis given to offender rehabilitation or enforcement of probation rules.

Answer 4

Probation supervision

Question 5

The legal termination of probation by the court when the youth commits a new offense or violates the conditions of probation.

Answer 5

Revocation

Question 6

The assistance, services, and programs that follow residential placement upon a resident’s release.

Answer 6

Aftercare

Question 7

An approach to delinquency that attempts to actively involve victims and community members and use community resources in delinquency prevention and intervention. This approach is directed at three goals: offender accountability, competency development, and public safety.

Answer 7

Balanced and restorative justice

Question 8

Community-based sanctions and treatments that typically involve adjudicated youth. These include day reporting centers, house arrest, restitution, community service, intensive probation supervision, counseling, drug treatment, and mental health services.

Answer 8

Community treatment

Question 9

Out-of-home placement of youth in group living facilities such as group homes, foster homes, and shelter care. These facilities may occasionally be used for aftercare.

Answer 9

Community-based residential placement

Question 10

The tendency to deal with juvenile matters informally, without formal processing and adjudication, by referring cases to special programs and agencies inside or outside the juvenile justice system.

Answer 10

Diversion

Question 11

Specialized courts that give juveniles an opportunity to have their charges dismissed or their dispositions modified, if they complete a course of drug treatment under court supervision. The therapeutic approach in these courts involves a comprehensive plan of drug treatment services, graduated sanctions, and incentives and rewards for progress.

Answer 11

Drug courts

Question 12

Community-based residential placements and sanctions that, in terms of severity, exist between the more lenient response of probation and the harsher response of placement in custodial institutions.

Answer 12

Intermediate sanctions

Question 13

Specialized courts that are designed primarily for non-violent juvenile offenders who have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness. The therapeutic approach in these courts involves a comprehensive plan of mental health services, graduated sanctions, and incentives and rewards for progress.

Answer 13

Mental health courts

Question 14

Specialized courts designed to offer treatment and rehabilitation rather than simply punishment. The most common types of problem-solving courts for juveniles are drug courts and mental health courts. Sometimes called treatment courts or therapeutic courts.

Answer 14

Problem-solving courts

Question 15

Specialized courts that are voluntary diversion programs, typically used for status offenders and first-time non-serious delinquent offenders. Offenders receive restorative sanctions, administered by other teenagers. Given authority through an agreement between prosecutors and police to defer formal charges for youth who agree to participate.

Answer 15

Teen courts

Question 16

Reentry and reintegrative services that prepare and monitor out-of-home placed youth for reintegration back into their communities.

Answer 16

Aftercare

Question 17

The juvenile court’s legal authorization for out-of-home placement for a youth who has been adjudicated a delinquent youth. Commitment involves a transfer of legal custody to a state agency such as the juvenile court or department of corrections.

Answer 17

Commitment

Question 18

Closed and secure residential facilities for delinquent youth, providing long-term custody.

Answer 18

Custodial institutions

Question 19

The conditions and supervision provided after release from residential placement, intended to smooth the transition back into the community.

Answer 19

Parole

Question 20

Court-authorized or court-ordered out-of-home placement of a youth in a group living facility.

Answer 20

Residential placement

Question 21

What is the most frequently-used disposition?

Answer 21

Probation

Question 22

What is the title, time period, and focus of someone who is Low Rehabilitation, Low Control?

Answer 22

Service Broker

Due Process Revolution, 1960s, focus on utilization of community-based resources

Question 23

What is the title, time period, and focus of someone who is Low Rehabilitation, High Control?

Answer 23

Rule Enforcer

Tough on Crime, 1980s, focus on offender accountability and public safety

Question 24

What is the title, time period, and focus of someone who is High Rehabilitation, Low Control?

Answer 24

Theraputic Caseworker

1920s, college degrees required for persons working as probation officers

Question 25

What is the title, time period, and focus of someone who is High Rehabilitation, High Control?

Answer 25

Moral Reformer | Way to correct behavior is addressing deficiencies in moral understanding

Question 26

What are the current and ideal prongs of shame theory?

Answer 26

Braithwait’s reintegrated shaming theory** • A system of stigmatization (current) • Return to society as full members (ideal)

Question 27

What is Net Widening?

Answer 27

Lesser sanctions are given under the threat of more serious ones

Question 28

Which approaches result in higher victim satisfaction?

Answer 28

Restorative approaches, compared to traditional juvenile court processes

Question 29

What do specialized courts require?

Answer 29

A team approach

Question 30

When did community-based corrections begin?

Answer 30

1960s

Question 31

What three things does restorative justice emphasize?

Answer 31

Offender accountability Competency development Public safety

Question 32

Of the 8 types of residential placement, where were the majority placed?

Answer 32

2/3 in treatment centers or long-term secure facilities

Question 33

How much has the commitment to long-term facilities changed by from 1997 to 2015?

Answer 33

Declined by 71%

Question 34

What is Aftercare?

Answer 34

The assistance, services, and programs that follow residential placement

Question 35

Why is aftercare not used often enough?

Answer 35

Expensive, Time-intensive, and Labor-intensive

Question 36

When should aftercare begin?

Answer 36

Shortly after adjudication

Question 37

What do aftercare programs do?

Answer 37

They provide services and supervision to youth as they transition back into the community