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intro to psychology > chapters 11.3 +11.4 > Flashcards

chapters 11.3 +11.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is motivation

A

a psychological process that will increase us to perform a particular behaviour

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2
Q

what is the hierarchy of needs

A

needs associated with our basic physiological survival being more important than social or achievement needs

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3
Q

what happens when survival needs are met

A

we can move onto higher levels of belonging and self-esteem

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4
Q

what is self actualization

A

the highest level of needs. the point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking, and accepting human beings

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5
Q

what was maslows criticized for

A
  1. the simplistic idea of needing to accomplish a level to move on to the next
  2. it is possible to have many motivations at once
  3. the bias towards individualistic and collectivistic culture
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6
Q

what is individualistic culture

A

self actualization, puts the individuals needs or goals first, sometimes at the expense of others

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7
Q

what is collectivistic culture

A

such needs would be much less important than acting to ensure that everyone was getting along and that the community, not just the individual

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8
Q

what is the need to belonging

A

the motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings such as warmth, affection, appreciation and mutual concern for each others well being

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9
Q

what is another word for the need to belong

A

affiliation motivation

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10
Q

what is the sense of permanence

A

the most important part of well being

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11
Q

who is less lonely?

A

someone who interacts with few people more often compared to someone who interacts with a bunch of people not as closely

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12
Q

what are you willing to do when you are in love

A

sacrifice yourself for them hoping they would do the same

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13
Q

what is passionate love

A

associated with a physical and emotional longing for the other person

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14
Q

where is passionate love associated with

A

the area of the brain related to physical rewards as well as the insula, a region that is sensitive to the internal bodily feelings

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15
Q

what is compassionate love

A

related to the tenderness and the affection we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person

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16
Q

what does compassionate love have in comparison to passionate love

A

an influence on a greater long-term stability of relationship

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17
Q

what is love

A

a goal-orientated state in a way that is similar to hunger and sex

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18
Q

what brain-related activities are related to love

A

they contain receptors for oxytocin, the hormone related to feelings of trust and the desire to be close to someone

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19
Q

what does belonging provide people with

A

a shared worldview with a group of people

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20
Q

what is the terror management theory

A

a psychological perspective asserting that the human fear of mortality motivates behaviour, particularly behaviours that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging

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21
Q

what are anxiety buffers

A

concepts and beliefs that prevents death-related thoughts from entering the conscious mind

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22
Q

what is cultural worldview

A

a belief system about how our world should work

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23
Q

what is mortality salience

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A

manipulating how participants are aware of death

24
Q

what is achievement motivation

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A

the drive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals

25
what is approach goal
an enjoyable and pleasant incentive that a person is drawn towards by praise, financial award, or satisfaction
26
what is avoidance goal
an attempt to avoid an unpleasant outcome such as shame, embarrassment, or emotional pain
27
what is the self determination theory
states that an individuals ability to achieve their goal and attain psychological well being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the behaviours necessary to achieve those goals
28
what is within the self-determination theory
1. relatedness 2. autonomy 3. competence
29
what is relatedness
feeling connected to others, a need satisfied by forming meaningful bonds with other people
30
what is autonomy
the need to feel a sense of control of your own life
31
what is competence
the ability to perform a task at a skill level that is satisfying for yourself
32
what is motivation influenced on
how competent we THINK we are
33
what is self efficiency
an individual's confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action to solve problems
34
what is extrinsic motivation
motivation geared towards gaining rewards or public recognition
35
what is intrinsic motivation
the process of being internally motivated to perform behaviours and overcome challenges
36
what is amotivational
a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behaviour
37
what is a continuum of motivation
the 3 motivations can be placed on a continuum that depicts how much self determination an individual might feel for those behaviours
38
what happens to extrinsic motivations that are not associated with much passion
the behaviours can become internalized so they are apart of someone's identity - working out to get scouted, but started to like working out for yourself
39
what is over justification
when you reward intrinsic behaviour, it can decrease motivation since they becoming dependent on gaining a reward
40
cultural differences in motivation
americans are more focused on promoting autonomy while asians are more focused on community
41
what is emotion
a behaviour with the following 3 components 1. a subjective thought 2. accompanying patterns of neutral activity and physical arousal 4. an observable behaviour expression
42
what is the physiology behind emotions
neural responses to emotions are loops or a series of networks producing different parts of emotional response
43
what is the amygdala
a group of nuclei in the medial portion of the temporal lobes in each hemisphere of the brain
44
how does the amygdala respond
when a stimulus is perceived as emotionally arousing, the amygdala fires and sends projections to brain regions that lead to observable behaviours
45
what does the autonomic nervous system contain
1. sympathetic NS - recruits energy to prepare for flight or fight response 2. parasympathetic NS - preserves energy and calms you down if no response is necessary
46
what does the emotional response movement mean
the NS needs to make plans on how to move the body in response to a stimuli
47
how do the frontal lobes connect to emotion
the frontal lobes receive information from the amygdala and form sensory areas whose activity is influenced by the amygdala. the frontal lobes then determine if the instinctive emotional response produced is appropriate for the situation
48
what is the james-lange theory
the view that suggested that our physiological reaction to stimuli (racing heart) precedes the emotional experience (fear) - you see a bear -> your heart pounds -> you experience fear
49
what is the cannon-bard theory
the brain interprets a situation and generates subjective emotional feelings, and these representations in the brain trigger responses in the brain - emotional processes occur very quickly, and the steps seem simultaneous
50
what is the facial feedback theory
your emotional expression (facial expression) can influence out subjective emotional state
51
what is the two factor theory
holds that patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences - you see a bear -> i am scared
52
what are microexpressions
brief expressions of the true feeling before we lie
53
what are the 6 basic emotions
1. fear 2. disgust 3. happiness 4. anger 5. surprise 6. sadness
54
what are emotional dialects
variations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed
55
what is the display rule
the unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is appropriate to show a certain emotion

intro to psychology (7 decks)

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