Chapters 13-14 Flashcards by Charlotte West

Divided the country into slave and free states

Missouri compromise

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The line used to divide slave and free states

36 30 line

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“Slavery should not be allowed in any lands from Mexico”

The Wilmer Proviso created by senator David Wilmot

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Compromise written by Henry Clay

Compromise of 1850

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Compromise of 1850

California becomes a free state
Popular sovernegeity in New Mexico
No slave trade in DC
Harsher fugitive slave law

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Popular sovereignty

People in the states decided if they want slavery

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What part of the compromise of 1850 causes most controversy?

Harsher Fugitive Slave Law

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Harsher Fugitive Slave Law factors

$1000 fine
6 months jail time
Evidence Required to arrest/fine: a sworn testimony from a bystander
Free men, if they were black, were captured as slaves

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Trail slaves used to escape

“Underground Railroad”

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A book in response to harsher fugitive slave law act

Uncle Toms Cabin

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Who wrote uncle toms cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

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Uncle toms cabin

300,000 copies sold
Vivid portrayal of slavery
Opens peoples eyes
North no longer ignorant

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“Bleeding Kansas”

A nickname for Kansas since it was just a place of fighting

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Kansas-Nebraska act

Nullifies Missouri Compromise

Popular soveirgenty on whether a state was free or slave

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Stephen Douglas

Wants a transcontinental railroad
Wants expansion
Needs Kansas and Nebraska organized
Southern states unhappy with him since Kansas and Nebraska will both be free

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Free soilers

The third and northern political party against the expansion of slavery

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Border Ruffians

Not an official political party but southerner party who are pro slavery

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Charles Sumner

Massachusetts Senator who spoke “Crime against Kansas”

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“Crime Against Kansas”

A speech by Charles Sumner about how Kansas should’ve been free even though it wasn’t, insults Andrew P Butler

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Preston Brooks

Andrew P Butlers cousin who held Sumner at gunpoint forcing an apology

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Dred Scott Case

Dred Scott was purchased by an army surgeon named Emerson
Scott travelled to Free territory commonly
When Emerson dies, his wife does not let Scott but his freedom
Scott goes to the Supreme Court

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Dred Scott Case Decision

Chief Justice Roger Taney says Scott is inferior, not a citizen, property, and ignores the Missouri Compromise. Says if Scott is “property” the constitution does not let him be free.

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Lincoln-Douglas debates

7 debates— running for Illinois senator 
Douglas offends south from impossible question provided by Lincoln
Question about Dred Scott
Democratic Party splits
Paves the way for Lincoln in 1860

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President during Lincoln Douglas debates

James B Cannon

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John Browns raid

21 men Planned to write a new constitution Plans to attack Harper’s Ferry , Virginia Leads enslaved in an antislavery rebellion Plans to capture the Federal Arsenal

John Brown

Fails his raid Free soiler Hung Found a hero

General who stormed the farmhouse John Brown hid him, against him

Robert E Lee

Parties formed into the Republican Party (opposed slavery’s expansion)

Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Retired slave supporters

Democrats

Supported slavery

Republican Party candidate election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln

Northern democratic candidate election of 1860

Stephen Douglas

Southern democratic candidate election of 1860

John Breckenridge

Constitutional Union Party

A party where you use the constitution to guide the law

Constitutional union party candidate election of 1860

John Bell

Winner of Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln

December 20, 1860

South Carolina secedes

Confederate states of America

Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina

President of Confederate States

Jefferson Davis

Mary Chestnut

Spectated Fort Sumter, says all men should be fighting and doing more for your country.

Fort Sumter Layout

Union is inside the fort General Robert Anderson Confederacy on shore Leader P.G.T. Beauregard

Relationship between generals in union and confederacy

The union general is the confederate generals teacher!

Who surrendered at fort Sumter?

Union general Robert Anderson

How long was fort Sumter

34 hours long bombardment

How many troops did Lincoln call for after fort Sumter

75,000 troops

Union Tangibles

71% of population More resources— supplies, (71%) railroads, telegraphs, better navy Abraham Lincoln

Southern Tangibles

Home turf Motivation Leadership Defensive Warfare

Robert E Lee

Overall commander (late) but the heart and soul of the Southern Army

White House Strategy

South must invade the White House to gain foreign support

Antietam

First major battle in northern soil (Maryland) Bloodiest day in the war (23k casualties) Robert E Lee retreats which 1/4 of his army dead

After Antietam

1) northern army gains confidence | 2) Lincoln openly attacks slavery after signal victory

Emancipation Proclamation

Declared enslaved people in the confederate and United States are free (even though Lincoln doesn’t rule the confederacy) Wants England and France to NOT aid the South

African Americans

Played an active role in attaining freedom during Antietam

54th Massachusetts

Proved that African Americans could and would fight for freedom Women became spies

Belle Boyd

Southern spy Shot a man who pushed her mom Put on house arrest but got her slave to “get groceries” but actually spread secrets

Rose Greenhow

Southern spy Helped win battles Crucial information gainer

Vicksburg

A confederate fort that controlled movement along the Mississippi

Ulysses S Grant

Soon to be overall commander for the North, trying to invade Vicksburg. (United states owns Mississippi)

Siege of Vicksburg

May 18th-July 4th People hid in 500 caves 200 union guns pounded Vicksburg People eventually ate mules horses dogs and rats after subsiding on peas cornbread and bacon

The Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point Lees 2nd invasion of the North July 1-3, 1863

George Meade

Commander for the North at the battle of Gettysburg

George Picketts Charge

~12,000 men to strike at Union Center ~Only 50% casualties ~The moment Robert E Lee realized the South couldn’t win the battle

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln dedicates a cemetery to the soldiers, north and south, who died at Gettysburg

Appomattox Courthouse

Virginia | Lee surrenders to Grant with no punishment

John Wilkesbooth

Famous actor Knew plays Knew when people would laugh in plays or the loudest moments Abraham Lincoln murderer

Lincoln Asassinated

By John Wilkesbooth during a funny moment in the play Happened at Fords Theatre Play: “our American cousin”

Sic Semper Tyrannis

“Thus always to Tyrants” Meaning Tyrants get death Said by John Wilkesbooth after he jumped down on the stage

Wilkesbooth hiding

Hides in a barn for 12 days

Lincoln’s role

Passed on to Andrew Johnson

Chapters 13-14 Flashcards

(68 cards)