chapters 13-14

Question 1

simple harmonic motions

Answer 1

the motion that occurs when the force pushing or pulling on an object is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium

Question 2

amplitude (SHM)

Answer 2

the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position reached by an object undergoing SHM

Question 3

Period (SHM)

Answer 3

the time for an object to complete one entire vibration

Question 4

frequency (SHM)

Answer 4

the number of vibrations made per second

Question 5

what does the period of oscillation depend on for a spring undergoing SHM

Answer 5

mass and spring constant k

Question 6

Is energy conserved when dealing with a mass on spring?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

at maximum energy what does the spring have?

Answer 7

elastic potential energy

Question 8

at equilibrium what does the spring system have?

Answer 8

kinetic energy

Question 9

When will the mass be traveling the fastest?

Answer 9

as it passes equilibrium

Question 10

what does the period of oscillation depend on for a pendulum?

Answer 10

length of pendulum and acceleration

Question 11

is energy conserved when dealing with a simple pendulum?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

at its maximum amplitude what does a pendulum have?

Answer 12

gravitational potential energy

Question 13

at equilibrium what does a pendulum system have?

Answer 13

kinetic energy

Question 14

when will a pendulum be traveling at its fastest speed?

Answer 14

when it passes equilibrium

Question 15

what type of graph does an object that undergoes SHM make?

Answer 15

in the shape of a sine or cosine function

Question 16

what happens when energy is lost from a system that is undergoing SHM?

Answer 16

it undergoes damping

Question 17

critical damping

Answer 17

where the oscillator returns as quickly as possible to equilibriumm

Question 18

under damping

Answer 18

where the oscillator has a solo decrease in oscillations as it returns to equilibrium

Question 19

over damping

Answer 19

where the damping is so large it takes a while to return to equilibrium

Question 20

when energy is put into a system to cause oscillations it is said to be…

Answer 20

driven

Question 21

if a system is not driver nor damped it will…

Answer 21

oscillate at its natural frequency

Question 22

a system driven close to its natural frequency will experience…

Answer 22

large amplitude of oscillation

Question 23

when is a system said to be in resonance

Answer 23

when its driven close to its natural frequency and has large amplitudes of oscillation

Question 24

wave

Answer 24

a disturbance that propagates from place to place

Question 25

as a wave travels it carries

Answer 25

energy

Question 26

the amount of energy a wave can carry is determined on its...

Answer 26

amplitude

Question 27

crest

Answer 27

high point of a wave

Question 28

troughs

Answer 28

low points on a wave

Question 29

wavelength

Answer 29

distance between identical parts of the wave

Question 30

amplitude

Answer 30

the distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough

Question 31

frequency (waves)

Answer 31

the number of waves to pass a position in a second

Question 32

period (waves)

Answer 32

the time it takes for one wavelength to pass a position

Question 33

transverse waves are created when

Answer 33

particles in a wave oscillate at right angles to the direction of the waves propagation (ex: light waves or on a stringed instrument)

Question 34

longitudinal waves are created when

Answer 34

particles in a wave oscillate parallel to the direction of the waves propagation (ex: sound waves)

Question 35

in longitudinal waves source + coils moves ___ where in transverse waves the source + coils moves ___

Answer 35

left and right; up and down

Question 36

mechanical waves

Answer 36

waves that require a medium to travel in (sound waves)

Question 37

speed of mechanical waves depends on what?

Answer 37

medium it is in

Question 38

electromagnetic waves

Answer 38

are waves that do not require a medium to travel in and whose speed is constant (ex: light waves)

Question 39

whenever a wave changes materials its frequency...

Answer 39

remains the same but the speed and wavelength change

Question 40

when a wave is reflected from a FIXED end...

Answer 40

the amplitude changes because the opposing force at the fixed end acts in the opposite direction of the original amplitude

Question 41

when a wave is reflected from a LOOSE end...

Answer 41

the amplitude direction does not change because there's no opposing force

Question 42

interference

Answer 42

occurs when waves arrive at the same point at the same time and combine

Question 43

what does interference create

Answer 43

a resultant wave that is the sum of the individual wave amplitudes which is called superposition

Question 44

constructive interference

Answer 44

occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another which results in a wave of larger amplitude

Question 45

destructive interference

Answer 45

occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another which results in a wave of reduced amplitude

Question 46

what do two waves of slightly different frequencies who interfere make

Answer 46

beats

Question 47

beat frequency

Answer 47

the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies of the two waves

Question 48

standing wave

Answer 48

a wave that oscillates in a fixed location which are results of incident and reflecting waves that are confined to a region

Question 49

nodes

Answer 49

the point on a standing sound wave that occurs due to destructive interference, lowest amplitude

Question 50

antinodes

Answer 50

the point on a standing sound wave that occurs due to constructive interference, the highest amplitude

Question 51

increase in tension will ...

Answer 51

increase the frequency of a standing wave on a string

Question 52

standing sound wave can form...

Answer 52

inside a pipe with an open or closed end

Question 53

in a pipe with an open end and a closed end a standing sound wave must have...

Answer 53

a node at the closed end and an antinode at the open end

Question 54

in a pipe with two open ends a standing sound wave must have...

Answer 54

an antinode at both open ends (no sound will be heard at the node and a louder sound will be heard at the antinode)

Question 55

what is the order of harmonics in a closed ended pipe?

Answer 55

1,3,5,7...

Question 56

what is the order of harmonics in an open ended pipe?

Answer 56

1,2,3,4...

Question 57

hearing

Answer 57

perception of sound

Question 58

pitch

Answer 58

the frequency of the corresponding sound wave

Question 59

sound consists of

Answer 59

longitudinal waves consisting of alternating regions of high and low pressures

Question 60

what does the speed of sound depend on?

Answer 60

the medium and the temperature. the stiffer the medium the faster the speed, the higher the temp the faster the speed

Question 61

what does the loudness of a sound depend on?

Answer 61

intensity of a wave

Question 62

intensity

Answer 62

the amount of energy passing thorugh a given area in a given time or the power per area

Question 63

the greater the amplitude the ____ the intensity of a wave

Answer 63

greater

Question 64

intensity ___ with distance from the source

Answer 64

decreases

Question 65

sound level intensity

Answer 65

tells you the level of a sound relative to a fixed standard

Question 66

threshold of hearing

Answer 66

10^-12 W/m^2 or 0 dB

Question 67

threshold of pain

Answer 67

1 W/m^2 or 120 dB

Question 68

when you double the loudness of a sound you increase its intensity by a factor of ...

Answer 68

10 which corresponds to an increase of 10 dB

Question 69

doppler effect

Answer 69

when a wave source is moving relative to an observer. it describes what happens to the frequency of a sound as it approaches or moves away from an observer

Question 70

as a sound wave approaches the observer hears a .....

Answer 70

higher pitch

Question 71

as the sound wave moves away an observes hears a ...

Answer 71

lower pitch

Question 72

the doppler effect is NOT related to the ...

Answer 72

amplitude or intensity of a sound wave

Question 73

for a stationary observer and a moving sound source the equation is...

Answer 73

fsource/(1+- vsource/vsound) + = as source moves away - = as source approcahes

Question 74

for a moving observer and a stationary sound source the equation is...

Answer 74

fsource(1+- vobs/vsound) + = as observer approaches source - = as observer moves away