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Anatomy and Phys. LECTURE > Chapters 14/15/16 (Test 2) > Flashcards

Chapters 14/15/16 (Test 2) Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the sensory function of the ANS?

A

Perceives visceral sensations or emotions

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2
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus and Spinal Cord in the ANS?

A

ANS Control Center

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3
Q

What effectors are regulated by the ANS?

A

Smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

glands

adipose tissue

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4
Q

Define Dual Innervation and its Function

A
  1. regulate a single effector by both ANS divisions
  2. balance an Autonomic effector’s function
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5
Q

What are the differences between ANS and Somatic Motor Pathways?

A

of Motor neurons per pathway

presence of ganglia

and type of neurotransmitters

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6
Q

One motor neuron excites the skeletal muscle is a __________ motor structure

A

somatic

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7
Q

Location and Function of Preganglionic Neuron

A

In the CNS within specific regions in the Brain and Spinal

send impulses along myelinated axons to postganglionic neuron

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8
Q

Location and Function of Postganglionic Neuron

A

Outside of CNS

Receive impulses from preganglionic neuron and trasmit to effectors via unmyelinated neuron fibers

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9
Q

Describe the role of Acetylcholine at the ganglia

A

Generate an action potential on the postganglionic neuron

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10
Q

Describe the location of parasympathetic motor ganglia

A

close to/within Effector organs

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11
Q

Describe the pattern that establishes a stimulation connection to only a single parasympathetic effector

A

Parasympathetic ganglion has only a few postganglionic neurons, usually only stimulating one effector

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12
Q

Describe the location of sympathetic motor ganglia

A

near spinal cord or major abdominal arteries

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13
Q

Describe the location of sympathetic motor ganglia

A

near spinal cord or major abdominal arteries

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14
Q

Describe the pattern that establishes a stimulation connection to many sympathetic effectors

A

Sympathetic ganglion has many postganglionic neurons, usually providing stimulation to many effectors

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15
Q

How are Autonomic Neurons classified?

A

by the neurotransmitters they release into a synapse

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16
Q

Identify the neurotransmitter and deactivation enzyme of Cholinergic Neurons

A

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholinestrate

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17
Q

Identify the neurotransmitter and deactivation enzyme of Andregenic Neurons

A

Norepinepherine

Monoamine Oxidase

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18
Q

Identify Cholinergic ANS Neurons

A

ALL Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

ALL parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

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19
Q

Describe the function of Nicotonic Receptors

A

ALWAYS depolarize a cell when activated

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20
Q

Describe the function of Muscarinic Receptors

A

MAY depolarize OR hyperpolarize a cell when activated

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21
Q

Identify the ANS Neurons that are Adregenic

A

Most sympathetic postanglionic neurons

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22
Q

What effect does Norepinepherine have on postsynaptic membranes?

A

depolarizes OR hyperpolarizes

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23
Q

Describe the hypothalamus’ role in the ANS

A

Ensures more efficient responses

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24
Q

When does the Sympathetic division of the ANS respoond and stimulate effectors?

A

Exercise, Emotions, Emergencies

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25
Identify some sympathetic responses
pupil dialation increased heart rate, force of contraction, and blood pressure bronchodilation or airways in lungs
26
How are Sympathetic Division responses appropriate for "fight or flight"?
promote increased nutrients and oxygen support for increased metabolism and activity in organs needed to resist stress
27
3 reasons why Sympathetic responses are longer than parasympathetic responses
1. motor pathways diverge to more effectors 2. NE deactivation slower than ACh deactivation 3. NE secreted from Adrenal Medulla increases overall effect of NE
28
Why is the parasympathetic division call the "rest and digest" reaction?
person is relaxed, well fed, or sleepy
29
Identify parasympathetic responses
decreased heart rate, force of contraction, and blood pressure Bronchoconstriction of airways in lungs
30
Define SLUDD responses
Salivation, Lacrimation, Digestion, and Defecation are ALL increased
31
Define the function of parasympathetic responses
promote maitenance of normalcy, decrease energy consumption, increase energy conservation
32
Define the ANS and its general function
A set of motor pathways to regulate visceral activity
33
Describe the Visceral Receptor function
sensory info to ANS comes from somatic and special receptors through cranial nerves non-concious
34
Identify Chemoreceptor location and function
Circulatory system blood CO2 and 02, blood pH, Blood osmotic pressure, blood glucose levels
35
Identify Thermoreceptor location and function
Skin respond to stimuli and generate action potentials
36
Identify Mechanoreceptor location and function
Skin, inner ear, and muscle respond to stimuli and generate action potentials
37
Identify the main ANS control Centers
Hypothalamus Brain Stem Spinal Cord
38
Describe the ANS motor pathways
2 neurons Myelinated preganglionic neuron and unmyelinated postganglionic neuron
39
Identify Cholinergic secretions and general functions
Acetylcholine Binds to Nicotonic and Muscarinic receptors
40
Identify Adrenergic secretions and functions
Norepinepherine Binds to Adrenergic Receptors
41
Define Visceral Effectors
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, endocrine and exocrine glands, adipose tissure
42
what are the 4 ventricles of the Ventricular system?
2 lateral (each hemisphere) 3rd: beneath coprus collosum 4th: between pons and cerebellum
43
How is CSF created?
in capillaries, diffuses through capillaries, into ependymal cells, into brain
44
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid Plexus
45
What does the Cerebellum do?
maintenance of balance and posture coordination motor learning cognitive functions
46
Where is the Insula Lobe located?
deep and posterior to Frontal lobe deep to Temporal lobe
47
What are the functions of the Frontal Lobe?
motor functions planning, reasoning, and impulse control
48
What are the functions of the Parietal Lobe?
taste, temperature control, pain, and touch sensations If damaged, not able to feel sensation or touch
49
What are the functions of the Insula lobe?
process spoken language and taste integrate sensory information from visceral receptors
50
What are the 4 (plus 1) lobes of the brain?
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital (Insula)
51
What is the function of the Occipital Lobe?
Main visual center of the brain
52
What are the functions of the Temporal Lobe?
hearing, smelling, learning, memory, and some vision and emotions
53
Describe the location and contents of the Diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus
54
Why is the Limbic System important?
Nervous dispatch center of the brain Hormonal center of the brain personality; makes you you
55
Why is the Hindbrain/Midbrain important?
Keeps you alive
56
What does the Cerebellum control?
Ballance and Posture
57
What are the 4 types of brainwaves?
Alpha: regular everyday thoughs Beta: deep thinking sensory input and mental activity Theta: emotional stress/brain disorders Delta: only active during sleep in adults/or when brain damage is present
58
How many pairs of Spinal nerves are there? Cranial Nerves?
31 pairs 12 pairs
59
How many roots do Spinal Nerves have? Cranial Nerves?
2: dorsal and ventral single root
60
Where are the Spinal Nerves target effectors? Cranial Nerves?
limbs/trunk head/neck
61
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory Nerve sense of smell
62
Cranial Nerve II
Optic Nerve sense of sight
63
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus Nerve carries most parasympathetic efferents to the thorax and abdoman

Anatomy and Phys. LECTURE (2 decks)

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