Chapters 14-15

Question 1

Is air, glass, vacuum or wood the best insulator?

Answer 1

Vacuum

Question 2

Heat transfer occurs due to direct contact with conduction, convection, heat flow or radiation?

Answer 2

Conduction

Question 3

The method of heat transfer that does not require a medium is conduction, convection, heat flow or radiation?

Answer 3

Radiation

Question 4

Conduction, heat flow, radiation, or thermal conductivity is defined as the amount of heat transferred from one end of a solid to the other per unit of time?

Answer 4

Heat flow

Question 5

Condensation, freezing, melting or vaporization is the process which occurs when a substance goes from the gaseous to the liquid state?

Answer 5

Condensation

Question 6

The —– law of thermodynamics is our basis for measuring temperature. (Zeroth, first, second, third)

Answer 6

Zeroth

Question 7

For a given solid, the coefficient of area expansion is —– the coefficient of linear expansion. (Half of, the same as, two times, three times)

Answer 7

two times

Question 8

The amount of heat that must be supplied to melt a unit of mass of a substance at its melting point is called the substance’s —–. ( latent heat, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, heat of melting)

Answer 8

heat of fusion

Question 9

The heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees celcious to 15.5 degrees celcious is one —–. (BTU, calorie, joule, kilocalorie)

Answer 9

calorie (cal.)

Question 10

The heat required to raise the temperature of a body by one degree is called —–. (Heat capacity, one calorie, specific heat, stable equilibrium)

Answer 10

heat capacity

Question 11

The unit of heat in the U.S. customary system is called the —–.

Answer 11

BTU

British thermal unit

Question 12

The process of measuring temperature is called —–.

Answer 12

thermometry

Question 13

At the boiling or melting point of a substance, a substance can absorb or give off heat respectively without changing its —-.

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

The transfer of thermal energy caused by a difference between the initial internal energies of town bodies is called —–.

Answer 14

Heat

Question 15

One calorie is approximately —– joules.

Answer 15

4.184 joules

Question 16

The study of the relationship between heat and work is called —–.

Answer 16

thermodynamics

Question 17

A system sealed off from any energy exchange with its surroundings is called a(n) —– system.

Answer 17

isolated system

Question 18

A process in which no heat enters or leaves a system while the system’s internal energy changes is called a(n) —– process.

Answer 18

adiabatic

Question 19

A transfer of energy caused by a force operating over a distance is called —–.

Answer 19

work

Question 20

A(n) —– process absorbs or releases heat without changing the temperature of the system.

Answer 20

isothermal

Question 21

A(n) —– process has occurred when both the initial and final equilibrium states of the system are known, but the path the system took is not known.

Answer 21

irreversible

Question 22

The concept of —– results from the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 22

Entropy

Question 23

True/False
The point at which a substance can exist in all three states of matter at the same time is the substance’s (triple point).

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The (internal energy) of a system may be defined as the total molecular energy content of a physical system.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

When a substance melts, it undergoes an (Exothermic) process.

Answer 25

Endothermic

Question 26

The transfer of heat by moving material is called (radiation).

Answer 26

Convection

Question 27

The ability of a material to conduct heat is called the material's (thermal) conductivity.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

The science of (thermometry) uses a calorimeter to measure the equilibrium temperature of a mixture.

Answer 28

calorimetry

Question 29

Zero (celcious) is the lowest theoretically attainable temperature.

Answer 29

Kelvin

Question 30

In an isolated system, the direction of spontaneous change is always toward (less) entropy.

Answer 30

greater

Question 31

One kilocalorie equals (one thousand) calorie(s).

Answer 31

True

Question 32

(Caloric) was an imaginary liquid used to explain how heat transferred from one body to another.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree is called (specific heat).

Answer 33

True

Question 34

(Thermal energy) flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects.

Answer 34

Heat

Question 35

The amount of work equal to a unit of heat is called the (mechanical equivalent of heat).

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Equations | The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 36

Delta E(int) = Q - W

Question 37

The ideal gas law

Answer 37

PV=nRT n= number of moles of the gas R= is the universal gas constant 0.0821 Liter• atm ————— Kelvin• mol

Question 38

Determines the change in entropy of a system

Answer 38

The second law of thermodynamics Delta S = Q —— T T= in Kelvins

Question 39

Short answer | When is any system of bodies at thermal equilibrium ?

Answer 39

Any system of bodies is said to be at thermal equilibrium when the bodies have the same thermal energy and no heat transfer occurs.

Question 40

Give one formulation of the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 40

In an isolated system, the direction of spontaneous change is always toward greater entropy.

Question 41

Problems | See 41 - 45

Answer 41

T(C)= T(K)-273.15