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A&P > Chapters 14-16 > Flashcards

Chapters 14-16 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are muscles named?

A 
Location,Function,Shape
Direction of fibres 
Number of heads
Points of attachment
Size (small,medium,large)
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2
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of mastication (Chewing)
Muscles that move the head

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3
Q

Trunk Muscles

A

Muscles of Thorax
Muscles of Abdominal wall
Muscles of back
Muscles of liver

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4
Q

Points of attachment for muscles

A

Origin

Insertion

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5
Q

Origin

A

Point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts

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6
Q

Insertion

A

Point of attachment that moves when muscles contract

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7
Q

Upper extremity muscles

A 
Muscles acting on the shoulder gridle
Located anterior (Chest) 
Located Posterior (Back and Neck)
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8
Q

Muscles that allow for extensive movement

A

Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that move the forearm
Muscles that move the wrist,hand, and fingers

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9
Q

Muscles that move the ankle and foot

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic muscles

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10
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Foot muscles in the leg pull on tendons that insert on bones in the ankle and foot

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11
Q

What movements are extrinsic muscles responsible for?

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Inversion and Eversion

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12
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Foot muscles located within the foot

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13
Q

What movements are intrinsic muscles responsible for?

A

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and Adduction of the toes

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14
Q

Good Posture

A

Centre of gravity of the body which requires the least muscular work to maintain

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15
Q

What systems contribute to good posture?

A 
Nervous
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Endocrine
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16
Q

Connective Tissue components

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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17
Q

What is the Endomysium

A

muscle fiber, or muscle cell)
contains capillaries and nerves.
overlies the muscle fiber’s cell membrane

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18
Q

What is the Epimysium

A

fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle

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19
Q

What is the Perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.

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20
Q

Noninflammatory Joint Diseases

A

Osteoarthritis
Joint Dislocation
Sprains

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21
Q

Inflammatory Joint Diseases

A 
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Tissues and Organs)
Juvenile Arthritis (Rash,Highfever, swelling of live+Spleen)
Gouty Arthritis (Excess blood levels of uric acid)
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22
Q

Types of Uniaxial Joints

A

Hinge Joints

Pivot Joints

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23
Q

Types of Biaxial Joints

A

Saddle Joints

Condyloid Joints

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24
Q

Types of Multiaxial Joints

A

Ball and Socket (Spheroid) Joints

Gliding Joints

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25
True of False: External ankle rotation injuries generally involve ligament tears rather than bone fractures
False: Bone fractures occur more often than ligament tears in this injury
26
1st degree Ankle Sprain
Only a few ligament fibres are damaged.
27
2nd degree Ankle Sprain
Refers to more extensive damage to the ligament with associated swelling.
28
3rd degree Ankle Spain
Complete rupture of the ligament with swelling and a possible joint dislocation.
29
Angular Movements of Synovial Joints
Flexion Extension + Hypertension Plantar Flexion + Dorsiflexion Abduction + Adduction
30
Type of Hinge Joint
Elbow Joint
31
Type of Pivot joint
Head of radius rotating against the unla
32
Type of Saddle Joint
Joint of thumb
33
Type of Condyloid joint
Atlantooccipital joint
34
Type of Ball and Socket Joint
Shoulder and hip Joint
35
Type of Gliding Joint
Articular processes between vertebrae
36
Isometric Exercise
Contraction in which the muscle lengths remain the same while muscle tension increases
37
Isotonic Exercise
Contraction in which the tone or tension within a muscle remains the same
38
Concentric Contractions
Shortening of a muscle (Picking something up)
39
Eccentric Contractions
Lengthening of a muscle (Putting something down)
40
Each skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by a single motor axon. T or F
True
41
What ion is used for cross bridging?
Myosin and Actin
42
What is Cross Bridging
attachment of myosin with actin within the muscle cell
43
What is Creatine Phosphate
molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain.
44
What does Creatine Phosphate do?
in muscle cells breaks down to provide phosphate and energy to convert ADP back to ATP.
45
What is Treppe?
The staircase Phenomenon: Gradual, increase in strength contraction. (Warm up reps for athletes)
46
Painful Contraction
Spasms of skeletal muscles and are often due to overuse and dehydration
47
What happens in tetany contractions
spasms or cramps throughout the body
48
which joints are most mobile?
Ball and Socket joints
49
Muscle wasting
Lack of physical activity and not using muscles (Atrophy)
50
Muscle growth
Strength training and physical excersize (Hypertrophy)
51
What are Synovial Joints
Freely moveable joints. | Uniaxial,Biaxial,Multiaxial
52
What are Fibrous Joints
Connective tissue joining bones and allow for limited movement (Syndesmoses,Sutures,Gomphoses)
53
Slipped Disc
Herniated: Injury or weakness can cause the inner portion of the disk to protrude through the outer ring.
54
Housemaid's Knee
prepatellar bursitis: caused by inflammation of a small fluid-filled sac (the bursa) in front of the kneecap.
55
2 types of Muscle coverings
Superficial Fascia, and Deep Fascia.
56
Superficial Fascia
thin layer of loose fatty connective tissue underlying the dermis and binding it to the parts beneath (Hypodermis)
57
Deep Fascia
layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles
58
Afferent Pathways
consists of all Incoming sensory or afferent pathways of the nervous system (Carry toward) - Somatic sensory and Visceral sensory
59
Efferent Pathways
Consists of all outgoing motor or efferent pathways of the nervous system (Carry away) - Somatic motor, Sympathetic, Parasympathetic divisions
60
What is CNS
Central Nervous System: functional center of the entire nervous system (Brain and Spinal cord)
61
What is PNS
Peripheral Nervous System: Consists of the nerve tissues that lie on the outer regions of the nervous system.
62
Myelin Sheath
Permits rapid conduction in nerve fibers (Speeds up impulses)
63
Reflex arc
Signal conduction route to and from the CNS (composed of Afferent neurons, Intraneuron and efferent neurons)
64
Intraneurons lie within the outer regions of the nervous system T or F?
False: Intraneurons lie in the brain and spinal cord
65
Astrocytes
Star shaped, largest and most numerous type of glia
66
What is the purpose of Astrocytes
Transfer nutrients from the blood to the neurons

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