Chapters 14-19: The Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 3 nervous system areas?

Answer 1

1) sensory afferent
- information is processed/interpreted
2) integration
- occurs in the CNS
3) Motor efferent
- works with effectors

Question 2

What are the four CNS glial cells?

Answer 2

1) astrocyte
2) oligodendrocyte
3) microglia
4) ependymal

Question 3

What are the 2 PNS glial cells?

Answer 3

1) satellite
2) Schwann

Question 4

What is the function of astrocyte glial cells?

Answer 4

Paracrine signals = blood brain barrier

Question 5

What is the function of oligodendrocyte glial cells?

Answer 5

Form myelin in CNS

Question 6

What is the function of microglia glial cells?

Answer 6

Phagocytes = immunity

Question 7

What is the function of ependymal glial cells?

Answer 7

Create and circulate CSF

Question 8

What is the function of satellite glial cells?

Answer 8

Barrier = ganglia

Question 9

What is the function of Schwann glial cells?

Answer 9

Form myelin in the PNS

Question 10

What are the three meningeal layers from superficial to deep?

Answer 10

1) dura matter
2) arachnoid matter
3) Pia matter

Question 11

What is the subdural space?

Answer 11

• between the arachnoid and Dura matter
• if it fills with blood or fluid, it is called a subdural hematoma

Question 12

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 12

1) unipolar
2) bipolar
3) Multi polar

Question 13

What is the ventricular system?

Answer 13

• two lateral ventricles - deep in cerebrum
• connected to third ventricle by two openings
• V4 -> Space between the cerebellum, pons, and upper medulla

Question 14

What are the 4 CSF functions?

Answer 14

1) environmental stability
2) protection
3) neural signalling
4) buoyancy

Question 15

What is cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 15

• A clear colourless liquid
• bathes the exposed CNS surfaces

Question 16

What are the three parts of the Diencephalon?

Answer 16

1) Epithalamus
2) thalamus
3) hypothalamus

Question 17

Describe the Epithalamus

Answer 17

Contains The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin to aid the circadian (sleep) cycle

Question 18

Describe the thalamus

Answer 18

Sensory impulses converge on the thalamus, and then travel to the cerebral cortex

Question 19

Describe the hypothalamus

Answer 19

Bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 20

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

Answer 20

1. Midbrain
2. Medulla oblongata
3. Pons

Question 21

Describe the midbrain

Answer 21

Coordinates Head and eye movements

Question 22

Describe the medulla oblongata

Answer 22

Contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centres

Question 23

Describe the pons

Answer 23

• bridge between the brain and spinal cord
• works with medulla to control breathing

Question 24

Describe the Limbic System

Answer 24

• process and regulate emotion and memory
• deals with sexual stimulation and hearing
• behaviour, motivation, long term memory, and smell

Question 25

Brain textures?

Answer 25

- gyri - out - Sulci - in *increase brain surface area*

Question 26

What are the 4 lobes?

Answer 26

- Frontal - parietal - Temporal - occipital

Question 27

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 27

Motor and speech

Question 28

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 28

Sensory region

Question 29

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 29

Sound

Question 30

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 30

Sight/visual

Question 31

White matter?

Answer 31

- 1 layer - myelinated - centre of brain

Question 32

Grey matter?

Answer 32

- 6 layers - unmyelinated - outer of brain cortex

Question 33

What are the effects of alcohol on the cerebellum?

Answer 33

- disturbs gait - loss of balance and posture - enable to detect proprioceptive information

Question 34

Describe the cerebellum

Answer 34

- connects to brain stem - receives input from cerebrum to spinal cord - compare sensory feedback through the medulla and sense output through the midbrain to correct motor commands for coordination - plays a role in language, mental imagery, and new motor skills

Question 35

What are the 4 principal plexuses?

Answer 35

1. Cervical plexus 2. Brachial plexus 3. Lumbar plexus 4. Sacral plexus

Question 36

What is a plexus?

Answer 36

Weblike arrangement of nerves near the spinal chord

Question 37

What are the 5 parts of the spinal cord from superior to inferior?

Answer 37

1. Cervical part 2. Thoracic part 3. Lumbar part 4. Sacral part 5. Coccygeal part

Question 38

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 38

31 pairs

Question 39

How many nerves are in each spinal cord parts?

Answer 39

- 8 cervical - 12 thoracic nerves - 5 lumbar nerves - 5 sacral nerves - 1 coccygeal nerve