Chapters 15-19 (US History)

Question 1

gilded age

Answer 1

time of political corruption, greed, fancy living, and economic/technological progress

Question 2

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 2

philanthropist, built the steel empire

Question 3

philanthropist

Answer 3

a wealthy person that gives money to support organizations

Question 4

vertical integration

Answer 4

owners of a business involved in each step of the manufacturing process

Question 5

John D Rockefeller

Answer 5

philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company, had a monopoly in the oil business

Question 6

horizontal integration

Answer 6

combining companies into one large corporation

Question 7

trust

Answer 7

companies that is under one board of directors that regulars production and eliminates companies

Question 8

monopoly

Answer 8

economic control of an industry

Question 9

social darwinism

Answer 9

“survival of the fittest”

Question 10

where did new immigrants come from ?

Answer 10

Southern/Eastern Europe

Question 11

why did immigrants come to America ?

Answer 11

economic reasons and religious persecution

Question 12

challenges of immigrants

Answer 12

language barriers, low wages, unskilled jobs, getting them to unionize

Question 13

Jane Addams

Answer 13

helped immigrants build settlement houses, known for Hull House, gave food and education to women/poor

Question 14

reactions of Nativists to immigrants

Answer 14

feared/distrusted foreigners, believed foreigners took their jobs, fear of the pope and their connection w/catholics, believed that foreigners had different government ideas

Question 15

William/”Boss Tweed” and political corruption

Answer 15

gave immigrants jobs/resources for their vote, defrauded NYC, used knockback and graft system, used his political power for personal gain

Question 16

Tammany Hall (1789)

Answer 16

building, democratic political headquarters, started “Boss Tweed”

Question 17

Thomas Nast

Answer 17

cartoonist who had exposed Tweed which had gotten him captured in spain

Question 18

Anti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 18

wanted to ban alcohol

Question 19

WEB DuBois

Answer 19

advocate of civil rights

Question 20

NAACP

Answer 20

wanted to end racial discrimation

Question 21

National Urban League

Answer 21

wanted to improve job opportunities/housing for African Americans

Question 22

Muckcraker

Answer 22

photographers, cartoonists, journalists, writers that wanted to show Americas problems to bring awareness

Question 23

Lewis Hine

Answer 23

exposed child labor (which led to child labors laws)

Question 24

Ida Tarbell

Answer 24

exposed business ethics of the Standard Oil Company (brought the issue to the Supreme Court)

Question 25

Jacob Riis

Answer 25

photojournalist, exposed how the middle/lower class lived (which led to building codes and safety hazards)

Question 26

Upton Sinclair

Answer 26

wrote "The Jungle," exposed dangerous working conditions and unsanitary procedures in the meat packing industry

Question 27

FDA

Answer 27

Food and Drug Administration

Question 28

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

Answer 28

all foods/medicines must have labels with food and side effects, regulated by the FDA

Question 29

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Answer 29

meat products had to be inspected before, during, and after processing

Question 30

progressivism

Answer 30

to reform/change

Question 31

the populist party

Answer 31

political party, made up of farmers/laborers/reformers, wanted to increase government interaction

Question 32

what led to the creation of the populist party ?

Answer 32

growth of corporate power, panic of 1873 and 1893

Question 33

three progressive presidents

Answer 33

Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

Question 34

Theodore Roosevelt and progressivism

Answer 34

"trust buster," conservationist, slogan: "square deal, everyone has equal opportunity to succeed"

Question 35

16th amendment

Answer 35

graduated income tax, secret ballot

Question 36

17th amendment

Answer 36

allowed the direct election of senators

Question 37

William Taft and progressivism

Answer 37

broke trusts/monopolies, gave 8-hour workday, signed a bill for safety rules for mining

Question 38

downfall of Taft

Answer 38

signed Payne-Aldrich Bill which raised tariffs/taxes prices for consumers (even though he promised he wouldn't)

Question 39

Woodrow Wilson and progressivism

Answer 39

broke up trusts/monopolies, slogan: "New Freedom" (strict government control over corporations)

Question 40

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

Answer 40

regulated businesses to stop unfair practices (still exists)

Question 41

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Answer 41

government controlled the nation's money supply/interest rates, government regulated banking

Question 42

Workingman Compensation Act (1916)

Answer 42

provided wages if you were temporarily disabled from an accident on the job (still exists)

Question 43

Underwood Act (1913)

Answer 43

created graduated income tax, lowered taxes on imported goods

Question 44

graduated income tax

Answer 44

the more you make, the more you pay

Question 45

initiative

Answer 45

allows voters to introduce a new legislation

Question 46

referendum

Answer 46

allows citizens to place a law on the ballot for public approval

Question 47

recall

Answer 47

voters can remove an official by calling a special election

Question 48

Progressive Era (1890-1929)

Answer 48

gave Americans more protection, control of their businesses and private lives

Question 49

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

Answer 49

outlawed monopolies and trusts

Question 50

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

Answer 50

spelled out specific activities that businesses couldn't engage in

Question 51

18th Amendment (1919)

Answer 51

banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol

Question 52

19th Amendment (1920)

Answer 52

gave women the right to vote