Chapters 2,3,&4

Question 0

Data

Answer 0

Systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together with it’s context

Question 1

Context

Answer 1

The context ideally tells Who was measured, What was measured, How the data were collected, Where the data were collected and When and Why the study was performed

Question 2

Data table

Answer 2

An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable

Question 3

Case

Answer 3

Individual about whom or which we have data

Question 4

Variable

Answer 4

Holds info about the same characteristic for many cases

Question 5

Categorical variable

Answer 5

Names categories (whether with words or numerals)

Question 6

Quantitative variable

Answer 6

The numbers act as a numerical value- always have units

Question 7

Unit

Answer 7

Quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement

Question 8

Frequency table

Answer 8

Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage

Question 9

Distribution

Answer 9

Gives possible values of variable and the relative frequency of each value

Question 10

Area principle

Answer 10

Each data value should be represented by the same amount of area

Question 11

Bar chart

Answer 11

Show bars representing the count in each category in a categorical variable

Question 12

Pie chart

Answer 12

Shows how a “whole” divides into categories

Question 13

Contingency table

Answer 13

Displays counts and percentages of individuals into categories on 2 or more variables

Question 14

Marginal distribution

Answer 14

The distribution of either variable alone- the totals found in the “margins” of the table

Question 15

Conditional distribution

Answer 15

Restricting the Who to only consider a smaller group of individuals

Question 16

Independence

Answer 16

If the conditional distribution of 1 variable is the same for each category

Question 17

Simpsons Paradox

Answer 17

When the averages are taken across different groups, they can appear contradictory

Question 18

Histogram

Answer 18

Adjacent bars to show the distribution of values in a quantitative variable

Question 19

Stem & leaf plot

Answer 19

Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution

Question 20

Dot plot

Answer 20

Graphs a dot for each case

Question 21

Shape

Answer 21

Single vs multiple modes
Symmetry vs skew ness
Outliers, clusters, gaps

Question 22

Mode

Answer 22

Hump or high point of a shape

Question 23

Unimodal

Answer 23

Shape of histogram when it is shaped like a mound. Bimodal is 2 mounds and multimodal is more than 2

Question 24

Uniform

Answer 24

Distribution that is roughly flat

Question 25

Symmetric

Answer 25

Distribution is about the same on either halve of the mode

Question 26

Tails

Answer 26

Parts of a distribution that trail off to either side

Question 27

Skewed

Answer 27

One tail stretches out further than the other

Question 28

Outliers

Answer 28

Extreme values that do not appear to belong with the rest of the data

Question 29

Time plot

Answer 29

Shows data that changes over time