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AP European History > Chapters 20-21 > Flashcards

Chapters 20-21 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Characteristics of Nationalism

A

Most important political force, geographic boundaries, cultural identity, language, leadership, history, religion, ethnicity

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2
Q

Congress of VIenna conflict with Nationalism

A

Legitimacy (hereditary monarchy), multinational-ism, popular soverignity

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3
Q

Difficulties of Nationalism

A

Determine which ethnic groups are nations (have viable economies, military, etc.)

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4
Q

Definition of Liberals

A

Anything contrasting/opposing conservatives

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5
Q

Political goals of 19th century liberals

A

Constitutionalism, expand electorate, unification

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6
Q

19th century liberals and origin of ideas

A

Educated, wealthy, merchants (status earned through merit), enlightenment, Britain, Principles of 1789

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7
Q

Regions of 19th century nationalistic pressures

A

Poland-Russia, Italy, Germany-Austria, Balkan-SE Europe, Ireland-Britain, Slovaks/Hungarians-E Europe

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8
Q

Economic goals of 19th century liberals

A

Laissez-Faire, monopolies

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9
Q

Pillars of 19th century conservatism

A

Throne, land, alter

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10
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

Austrian political statesman-Most influential conservative

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11
Q

Burschenschaftens

A

Student clubs advocating liberal national change (Unification of Germany)

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12
Q

The Spa Field Riots

A

Dec. 1816-reaction to Lord Liverpool’s Acts (Suspension of habeus corpus

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13
Q

Peterloo Massacre

A

Aug 1819- Manchester-11 killed-Tried to tie it with Waterloo, led to Six Acts

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14
Q

Six Acts

A

Forbade unauthorized meetings, raised fines for seditious libel, speedy trials, increased newspaper taxes, prohibit city/local militia, allow non-warranted search/seizeure

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15
Q

Parliamentary actionas resulting from Decembrist revolts

A

–

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16
Q

Louis XVII as monarch

A

Tentative-The Charter-White- Terror convinces he needs to me more conservative

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17
Q

Major powers of Congress of VIenna

A

Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia

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18
Q

Concert of Europe

A

Resolve common international issues, prevent future war, peacekeeping organization

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19
Q

Ferdinand VII’s rule after Napoloen

A

Promised constitutional monarchy-Dissolves cortes-1820-American revolts-agrees to rule consitutionally

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20
Q

Demands of Treaty of London

A

Recognize Greek independence

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21
Q

George Canning

A

Pull Britain out of continental affairs (Monroe Doctrine)

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22
Q

Revolts in Mediterranean Europe

A

Greek Revolution/Serbian Independence-1830

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23
Q

`Independence in Latin America

A

Inspired by French Revolution

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24
Q

Toussaint L’Overture impact on Latin American Independence

A

Secret conspiracy on Haiti-Slave rebellion

France abolished slavery in Haiti

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25
Haitian slave rebellion
Lead by Toussaint L'Overture
26
Tsar Alexander I and political reforms
Was moderate--->conservative
27
Northern and Southern Societies
North-Liberal, abolish serfdom-constitutional monarchy-protect aristocratic privileges South-More liberal than north-Representative gov.
28
Nicholas I and serfdom
Saw it was bad but would hurt nobles so no thanks
29
Slogan of Tsar CNicholas
Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationalism
30
Uniqqueness/Significance of Decembrist Revolt
1825-Refuse Nicholas, 1st real revolt in Russia with specific political goal in mind
31
Russian Tsar and infringements on other countries
Poland (governed as puppet state)
32
Four Ordinacnes
Restricts freedom of press, dissolve Chamber of Deputies, limit voting pools , new ecetions
33
Louis Philippe
Former Duke of Orleans, "July Monarchy" "King of the French"
34
Charles X domestic policies
Believed in the Old Regime
35
Great Reform Bill
Expand electorate by 200,000 (not vast majority of middle class or women), made widespread revolution unnecessary
36
Daniel O'Connel
"The Liberator" Catholic independence in Ireland
37
Great Britain and support for Latin American Independence
Expand influence, wanted resources
38
Events in 1830
Serbian Independence, Greek Independence, November Uprising (Poland), July Revolution (France), Elections of 1830 (Britain)
39
British industrial revolution investments
U.S., Latin America
40
Population growth
1830-1850-Britain-16-19 mil France: 32-36 mil Germany 26-23
41
Impact on cities due to urbanization
Pollution, starvation, housing, emancipation and emigration, crime, disease, resources limited
42
Emacipation of Serfs in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia
France-1789 Prussia-1815 Austria-1848 Russia-1861
43
Causes/Effects of Potato Famine
Plantations belong to England, Penal Laws, Blight, Poor Laws (evict Irsh tennants), dependency on potatos, led to mass emigration Pop-1841-8 mil 1901-4.5 mil
44
Railway improvements impact on consumer economy
George Stephenson-Migration, industrial revolution more, Captial not sonsumer investments
45
Limits of workers
No say in new marketplace
46
Proletarianization
Workers treated as commodities, confection
47
Chartist reform movement/measures
``` London Workingmen's Assn. -"The Peoples Charger" (expand electorate) Luddites-Target machines First organized class unitwith specific goals ```
48
Purpose behind Crystal Palace
Great Exhibition 1851-Show how products compatible with industrial age
49
Relation between husband and wives
Men-employers, women employees
50
English Factory Act
1833-Limit employment age 9, 9 hour/day, 2 hour education
51
Work hours after 1847
10 max
52
Requirements of new jobs for women
Less skill, lower wages, textile work at home
53
Women in France employment
Land
54
First organized police force
1828-Paris
55
Trends of criminal activity
Escalated and plateau in 1860 because of police forces
56
British criminals sent o Australia
Transportation, Capital punishment, purge Britain of maladies
57
Auburn and Philadelphia System
Separate at night, always separate
58
Classical economists and economic growth
Adam Smith-1st guy-laissez-faire (Wealth of Nations) | Free enterprise/competitive market
59
Classical economists and roles of government
Still have roles to enforce contracts, foreign markets, etc.
60
Thomas Malthus
Essay on the Principle of Population | Resources linear, population exponential (point of crisis) family planning, lower wages
61
David Rcardo
Principles of Political Economy | "Iron Law of Wages" Keep low wages
62
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism-"Greatest good for the greatest number of people"-anticorn laws, poor laws
63
Utopian socialist movements
Saint-simoniaism, Fourienism, Owenism (New Lanard)
64
Count Claude Henri de Saint SImon
Technocracy-social harmony, unpopular
65
Anarchists
Didn't like organized government, industrialism, capitalism | August Blanqui, Pierre-Joseph Poudhon, Mutualism
66
Karl Marx
1848-Communist Manifesto-Revolution through class conflicts
67
Inspiration for Communist Manifesto
Hegel, Utopian Socialists, classical economists
68
Regions of Revolution
France, Austria, Italy, Germany
69
Revolutionaries backgrounds
Working class, women, political liberals, nationalists
70
Results of 1848-9 revolutions
Failure, conservative gov. too strong
71
Louis Philippe
Liberal opponents used banquets to criticize government, | 1848-Government banned it->march through streets demanding reform and bye Guizot

AP European History (7 decks)

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