Chapters 23-30 Test

Question 0

What were two types of decrees from the Lateran Councils? Give an example of each.

Answer 0

• Reform of the Church [ex: fighting simony, priest marriage]
• Reform of the society [ex: excommunicating counterfeiters, condemning the use of the catapult]

Question 1

Where were the first three universities?

Answer 1

Paris, Oxford, and Bologna

Question 2

What are 3 types of symbolism in Gothic churches?

Answer 2

1. Verticality: draws the eyes up to heaven
2. Light shining into darkness
3. Cruciform floor plan

Question 3

What does Islam mean?

Answer 3

Submission

Question 4

Koran/Q’ran

Answer 4

Muslim holy book

Question 5

Mohammed

Answer 5

Prophet of Allah, began Islam

Question 6

The one God of the Muslims

Answer 6

Allah

Question 7

What was the state of Arabia during Mohammed’s time?

Answer 7

Clans were constantly at war.

Question 8

Jihad

Answer 8

Holy war; how Muslims spread their religion

Question 9

What was the effect of the spread of Islam on Christianity?

Answer 9

Eastern and Western Christians lost contact and grew apart.

Question 10

What was the Eastern Church offended about about the Western Church?

Answer 10

The Western Church was saying Alleluiah during Lent.

Question 11

Alleluiah

Answer 11

Rejoice! Hooray!

Question 12

Lent

Answer 12

40 days of solemn preparation for Easter

Question 13

Icons

Answer 13

Religious paintings which were heavily emphasized in a Eastern Christian tradition. The figures’ eyes were the focal points of the icons.

Question 14

What was strange about icons in the way they represented Mary and Jesus?

Answer 14

Jesus was extremely tiny in proportion to Mary, but he looked like a little adult.

Question 15

Theology

Answer 15

Study of God

Question 16

What did Bernard of Chartres say?

Answer 16

“We are like dwarves standing on the shoulders of giants.” He was talking about thinkers of the past.

Question 17

Anselm

Answer 17

Wrote the Ontological Proof, which used logic to “prove” the existence of God.

Question 18

Sic et Non

Answer 18

“Yes and No.” It was a book written by Peter Abelard. In it, he uses logic to resolve apparent contradictions in the Scriptures and in the Father’s writings.

Question 19

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 19

One of the most influential thinkers of his time. Very fat. Wrote Summa Theologiae.

Question 20

Summa Theologiae

Answer 20

“Summary of Theology”, a book by Thomas Aquinas

Question 21

Canon

Answer 21

Church laws

Question 22

Usury

Answer 22

The practice of charging interest for a loan of money. The church discouraged is because it was a way to take money from the poor.

Question 23

Innocent III

Answer 23

?

Question 24

What did the number of people who attended Lateran I say about society?

Answer 24

Europe no longer only consisted of subsistence farms.

Question 25

How effective were the Church's efforts to reform things like simony and marriage of priests?

Answer 25

They were trying hard, but it didn't go away. They kept having to re-address it.

Question 26

What weapon did the church condemn?

Answer 26

Catapult

Question 27

What kind of school was the school in Bologna?

Answer 27

Law school

Question 28

Why was the Lateran Council called that?

Answer 28

Held in Lateran Palace.

Question 29

What did Gratian create?

Answer 29

A collection of canon law.

Question 30

2 of the most powerful popes

Answer 30

Alexander III and Innocent III

Question 31

Excommunication

Answer 31

Cutting off a person from all sacraments

Question 32

Scholasticism

Answer 32

The use of logic to gain insight into faith

Question 33

What shows the rift between the Church's teachings and the people's understanding?

Answer 33

The Church said marriage is a holy life. But nobles would get married, have kids, and then retire separately to monasteries and convents because they thought monasticism was the only real holy life.

Question 34

Relic

Answer 34

Physical objects as signs of divine power

Question 35

Pilgrimage

Answer 35

A journey to a place associated with someone or something important

Question 36

Hostel

Answer 36

Hotels for pilgrims to stay the night for a small fee

Question 37

Infidels

Answer 37

Unbelievers. What the Christians called the Muslims

Question 38

St. Dominic de Guzman

Answer 38

Asked for permission to start the Order of the Preachers

Question 39

Order of Preachers

Answer 39

Dominicans

Question 40

John Bernadoni

Answer 40

St. Francis. Started the Mendicants and Order of Friars Minor.

Question 41

Mendicants and Order of Friars Minor.

Answer 41

Franciscans

Question 42

Mendicants

Answer 42

Begging men

Question 43

Cloister

Answer 43

Living behind walls to symbolize being apart from the world.

Question 44

Conversion

Answer 44

The new willingness of baptized Christians to change their lives

Question 45

Avignon

Answer 45

Where the papacy moved and became puppets of the King.

Question 46

Catherine of Sienna

Answer 46

Her writing of The Dialogue gained her Doctor of the Church title. She challenged the pope and cardinals to leave Avignon and go back to Rome, they obeyed, then turned around, and then she convinced them again.

Question 47

Conciliarism

Answer 47

The rule of the Church by councils rather than popes.