Chapters 26-31 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is age of the Earth
4.5 billion years old
What oldest microfossils are
the oldest are 3.5 billion years old
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts most likely gained entry by
endosymbiosis
Order of classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
How are viruses are classified
Not considered alive
cannot be placed in a kingdom
Define latent virus
A virus that can remain Dormant for years
i.e., chicken pox to shingles
What are characteristics of viruses
“parasitic” chemicals - DNA/RNA wrapped in protein, cannot reproduce on their own, not considered alive, viewed as detached fragments of a genome
lytic and lysogenic cycle of viruses
Lytic: virus lyses the infected host cell, virulent or lytic phages. Lysogenic: virus does not immediately kill infected cell, integrate virus nucleic acid into host cell genome-prophage, integration allows virus to be replicated along w/ host cell’s DNA as host divides, temperate or lysogenic phage
endospores
Developing a thick wall around their genome and a small portion of the cytoplasm when they are exposed to environmental stress
Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction by division of one cell or body into two equal or nearly equal parts.
Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cells
cell membrane
ribosomes
How do amoebas move
Pseudopods- flowing projections of cytoplasm that extend and pull the amoeba forward and engulf food particles
Characteristics of Diatoms
Photosynthetic, unicellular organisms
Unique double shells made of silica
Some move using raphes
Two long grooves lined with vibrating fibril
what disease trypanosomes cause
African sleeping sickness
Leishmaniasis
Chagas disease
Why protists are classified into a single kingdom
They’re not fungi, plants,or animals. They’re paraphyletic, do not represent any evolutionary relationships
White Cliffs of Dover are made of what
Limestone- rich in foraminifera
Name for plants that lack conducting systems
Nonvascular plants,
Bryophytes
What bryophytes require in order to reproduce sexually
water
Rhizoids
Filamentous outgrowth of root like hairs
Xylem
water and liquids
Phloem
nutrients and food
The dominant generation (what you see) of tracheophyte plants
Sporophyte
Characteristics of angiosperm
Flowering plants
stamens
carpels
tiny pollen grains
What makes the endosperm of seed
two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm
Provides nutrients to embryo
