Chapters 27-30 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
Jingoism
A
It is aggressive, inflammatory, and sometimes not true words/information that are used/presented by a nation.
2
Q
Yellow Journalism
A
→Biased media that may or may not be accurate so that people can make a profit.
→The two people that are always connected/responsible for yellow journalism are William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, and they helped start the Spanish American War.
3
Q
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
A
The two people that are always connected to is yellow journalism are William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, and they helped start the Spanish American War.
4
Q
Josiah Strong
A
→He is connected with Anglo Saxonism
→He believed that white English speaking nations are superior and should help civilize/settle the world (White Man’s Burden)
→Josiah strong will connect the white English speaking nations with Christianity and it becomes a mission field
5
Q
Alfred Thayer Mahan
A
→He is a naval officer who writes a book arguing that the strongest nations have the strongest navy.
→Basically who controls the sea controls the world.
→He also uses this to lead into how we need to have naval bases around the world with coal/coaling stations so that we can refuel and make it to Japan (more specifically from Pearl Harbor).
6
Q
Queen Liliuokalani
A
→She is the ruler of Hawaii who wants to remove American influence.
→She wants Hawaii to rule Hawaii and she wants to stay in power.
→Farmers and planters will revolt, remove her from power, and side with the United states.
→We want Hawaii so we can put a naval base on it (Pearl Harbor) and we want sugar.
7
Q
Pearl Harbor
A
The main reason we want Hawaii is because of the naval base (Pearl Harbor)
8
Q
Anti-Imperialist League
A
→This was a diverse group (consisting of clergymen, industrialists, labor leaders, and university presidents) and if was formed to protest America’s colonial oversight in the Philippines.
→It was the largest lobbying organization on a U.S. foreign-policy issue until the end of the 19th century.
→Declined when the US signed the Treaty of Paris (approving Philippine annexation) and when hostilities broke out between Filipino nationalist and American Forces.
9
Q
Great Rapprochement
A
American diplomats began to cultivate close and cordial relations with Great Britain—a relationship that would intensify further during WWI
10
Q
McKinley Tariff
A
Brought through Congress by President William McKinley, this tariff raised import taxes on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed effort to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.
11
Q
Insular Cases
A
Beginning in 1901, a badly divided Supreme Court decreed in these cases that the Constitution did not follow the flag. In other words, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would not necessarily enjoy all human rights.
12
Q
John Hay
A
He was a secretary of state that created the Open Door Policy with China.
13
Q
Spheres of Influence
A
European Nations that broke up and controlled China. The United States does not own any part of China.
14
Q
Open Door note/policy
A
These are a set of diplomatic letters where The Open Door Policy was aimed to promote equal trading opportunities for all countries with China, while also respecting China’s territorial integrity (gaining them independence). The policy was first articulated by Secretary of State John Hay in a series of notes between 1899 and 1900
15
Q
Boxer Rebellion
A
An uprising in China the was against foreign influence. The Boxer Rebellion paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.
→We send troops to help squash the rebellion, this will lead to China opening up to the US.
→First time in history that a president sent troops out without congressional approval.
16
Q
Root-Takahira Agreement
A
→It was signed on November 30, 1908, where the US and Japan agreed to respect each others’ territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
→The Agreement was credited with easing tensions between the two nations, but it also resulted in a weakened American influence over further Japanese leadership/control in China.
17
Q
William Howard Taft
A
→He was a republican president from 1909-1913, Roosevelt was willing to fight and he loved to fight while Taft did not like to fight.
→Taft’s idea is Dollar Diplomacy which is where America will help with trade and build up poverty stricken nations so they can gain their independence from their colonial powers, so instead of fighting their way out they economically rise which is slower.
→“Substitute dollars for bullets”
18
Q
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
A
→Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1909) republican
→Roosevelt who believes in imperialism and in becoming an empire. (2nd of 3 imperial presidents)
→He also believes in White Man’s Burden and that it was America’s responsibility to help
→Was the first president to win the Nobel peace prize
19
Q
The Great White Fleet
A
December-February of 1907-1909, America has new warships and we want to show them off, we paint them white, and we sent them on a world tour to show that we have to ability to defend ourselves and we had the third largest navy at this time.
20
Q
Big Stick Policy
A
”Speak softly and carry a big stick” Basically it’s saying we may not speak a big game but we have the ability to protect and take care of ourselves, basically it’s our navy.
21
Q
Roosevelt Corollary
A
→It says that the US has a right to intervene in domestic affairs in Latin America in order to restore order.
→It will add to and further the Monroe Doctrine and it will tell the world that we now have the capability to defend ourselves and our territories, stay away 👊💥.
22
Q
Imperialism
A
→The root word of imperialism is empire
→America becomes an empire.
→Official definition is when a country politically and or economically dominates another country.
23
Q
Pan-American Conference/James G. Blaine
A
James Blaine is a former presidential candidate and he helps expand American and Latin America relations.
Pan-American means America and Latin America relations.
24
Q
USS Maine
A
The second and main cause of the Spanish American War. February of 1898 an American battleship will go to Cuba to protect our interests and rescue our citizens if needed. While in the Havana harbor the warship will explode. Later on its proven that it was simply an accident but the Spanish get blamed.
25
Dupuy de Lome/ de Lome Letter
He is a Spanish ambassador whose private letter is made public and he will call the president weak, and it will be a black eye.
26
Spanish-American War
→April-August of 1898, known as a splendid little war.
→Most Americans died of disease rather than fighting.
→William McKinley is the president.
→This is the war that makes us an empire.
→What starts the war is Cuba. Cuba revolts causing us to join the war.
27
Treaty of Paris, 1898
The War lasted from April to August. The US gain 5 things from the war:
→By winning the war we become an Empire.
→We gain Cuba (Platt amendment and American pretectorate).
→We gain Guam.
→We gain Puerto Rico (Foraker Act).
→We gain the Philippines (we buy from Spain for $20-25 million)
28
Rough Riders
→Are a volunteer group (untrained) led by Leonard Wood and future president Teddy Roosevelt.
→They will charge up Kettle Hill and then help to capture San Juan Hill.
29
Teller Amendment
A condition to McKinley's war plans that proclaimed to the world the when the US had Spanish misrule, it would give Cuba its freedom. The amendment testified to the ostensibly "anti-imperialist" designs of the initial war plans.
→In April of 1898, and it deals with the territory of Cuba,
→It is before we start the war,
→We tell Cuba that we will help them gain independence and the teller amendment is us telling them that.
30
Insurrectos
Cuban insurgents who sought freedom from colonial Spanish rule. Their destructive tactics threatened American economic interests in Cuban plantations and railroads.
31
Platt Amendment
We told the Cubans before the war that we would give them indepence after the war but we didn't. So the Platt Amendment was created and it tells Cuba that they can govern themselves but we technically rule them and can intervene as we see fit.
32
Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler
After Cuba declares its independence, Spain will send Valeriano Weyler to get them back into order. He is successful in doing this, but it hurts Spain tremendously, and it causes Spain to lose their reputation.
33
Guantanamo Bay
The most important thing that we wanted from Cuba was Guantanamo Bay which was a naval base in Cuba. We house terrorists on Cuba because it’s not on American soil. We had two naval bases.
34
Foraker Act
→Puerto Rico becomes an unincorporated territory (they have no rights and they are not citizens and we can do whatever we want).
35
Puerto Rico
A territory gained after the Spanish American War.
36
George Dewey
→He is a naval commander in the Pacific
→He will help capture the Philippines during the war.
→He captures the Philippines so quickly that he actually has to wait on the navy
→Because he captures them so quickly that we know that we can beat the Spanish
37
Emilio Aguinaldo
He was the Filipino Leader who sided with the USA, hoping that when Spain was defeated to gain independence/freedom.
38
Philippine Insurrection
When America did not grant independence/freedom the Filipinos rebelled and more death and destruction would occur than during the Spanish American War. It took roughly 50 years for the US to grant them independence (1946).
39
Guam
Guam is a territory that the US gained from the Spanish American War.
40
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
It is a treaty signed between the United States and Panama to build a canal in Panama.
41
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
* A treaty signed that gives America exclusive rights to build a canal through Central America, more specifically the canal goes through Panama
* This treaty was signed between the US and Great Britian
42
Panama Canal
→It took ten years to build
→It is Roosevelt’s lasting legacy to world history.
→One of the modern wonders of the world.
→Positively affects world shipping and the American navy.
43
Muckrakers
→A journalist or writer who will dig through businesses or organizations to try and find the truth.
→They are given the name by Teddy Roosevelt.
44
Ida Tarbell
She is a female muckraker who was going after big businesses, more specifically she went after the Standard Oil Company.
44
Henry Lloyd
He is a muckraker going after monopolies.
45
Lincoln Steffens
He is a muckraker who is always connected with government reforms and how we can make the government better.
46
Jacob Riis/"How the other half lives"
→He is the first of the Muckrakers
→He wrote the book *How The Other Half Lives* and he is trying to expose tenement house.
→He does end up accomplishing and tenement houses get better, though they had one unforeseen side effect: the price goes up.
47
Upton Sinclair/"The Jungle"
Always connect Upton Sinclair to his book *The Jungle* where he will write about the horrific and poor conditions in the meatpacking industry, specifically in Chicago but it applies to everywhere.
48
Robert M. ("Fighting Bob") La Follette
He is a Wisconsin politician who will argue that more freedom, more democracy, and more voting is needed.
49
Initiative
→An initiative means that voters can propose laws or bills.
→Now only the Legislature can propose laws or bills
50
Referendum
A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by legislature.
→A referendum means that people can vote on laws or bills.
51
Australian Ballot
A system that allows voters privacy in making their ballot choices. Developed in Australia in the 1850's, it was introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.
→Means that it is a secret ballot that no one knows who you vote for, anonymous voting.
51
Recall
A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
→This happens hardly at all and some positions you cannot do it with but it still happens to this day.
52
Elkins Act
Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
53
Frances E. Willard
She is the leader of WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)
54
Seventeenth Amendment
It is known historically as the direct election of Senators, the people get to vote for their senators, they are no longer chosen by state legislatures.
55
Eighteenth Amendment
The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol for beverage purposes within the United States.
56
Hepburn Act
*The Hepburn Act of 1906 gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to regulate railroads.
*Passed following several unpopular price increases by rail companies,
*It also allowed the government to set "fair, just, and reasonable" rates for the railroads.
57
Muller vs. Oregon
A landmark Supreme Court case where they accepted the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.
→It established a different standard for male and female workers.
→This is always connected to women laborers.
58
Lochner vs. New York
A setback from labor reformers, this 1905 Supreme Court decision invalidated a state-law establishing a ten-hour day for the bakers. It held that the "right to free contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the 14th amendment.
→This deals with the idea of a certain hour work day.
59
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
It was in New York 1911, 150 young immigrant women were killed in a workplace fire. You’ll begin to see some changes in the American workplaces.
60
Social Gospel
A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.
61
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WTCU)
Founded in 1874, this organization advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, using women’s supposedly greater purity and morality as a rallying, and they were led by Frances Willard.
An organization to help restrict the sale of alcohol and they will be the leading voice for prohibition.
62
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
→He is the first of three progressive presidents
→Second of three imperial presidents
→Known historically as a trust buster, he is actually a trust regulator.
→He’s the first president to effectively use the Sherman Antitrust act.
→He prefers to not break up big business but he will if he has to.
→He gets shot in the chest and still performs an hour-long speech before going to the hospital.
63
Square Deal
It is Roosevelt's policy to help progress America forward. This policy involves the three C's.
→Conservation
→Corporation
→Consumers
*more info on each of the three C's are on separate cards*
64
Department of Commerce Labor/Bureau of Corporations
Roosevelt creates a new cabinet department and a new agency to help investigate and control/regulate big businesses. The government would investigate big businesses but before they went public with this information they gave the businesses a chance to fix their books. This is good 😊.
65
Northern Securities Court Case
Roosevelt will take JP Morgan to court, will win the court case, and there's two things that come from this:
→The Sherman antitrust act can work.
→Theodore Roosevelt proved that he and the government is more powerful than big businesses through winning against Morgan.
66
Meat Inspection Act
A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair’s novel, "The Jungle," earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants that it mobilized public support for government action.
67
Pure Food and Drug Act
— Comes about when government realizes it’s not just the meat but all the food that needs to be inspected.
— A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.
— This act also help with pharmaceutical drugs by letting people know what they really were.
68
Gifford Pinchot
He will be the head of a new agency known as the division of forestry.
69
John Muir
He is a friend and big conservationist of Roosevelt's.
70
Conservation
→Roosevelt wanted to preserve the beauty of America over big business taking it away. He realized that if they didn’t preserve the beauty of the land the businesses would destroy them.
→He creates a lot of National Parks
71
New Nationalism
— President Theodore Roosevelt gave a speech where he called for the end of special protections for businesses in government.
— Must be connected with Roosevelt it's his ideas of how to make a stronger federal government.
72
The Bull Moose/Progressive Party
Roosevelt will run as a presidential candidate and they are the most formidable third party in American history.
73
Dollar Diplomacy
— Taft’s idea is Dollar Diplomacy which is where America will help with trade and build up poverty striken nations so they can gain their independence from their colonial powers, so instead of fighting their way out they economically rise which is slower.
— “Substitute dollars for bullets”
74
Payne-Aldrich Bill
— While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports.
— President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed.”
75
Ballinger-Pinchot Act
These two situations (Payne-Aldrich Bill and the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair) will cause a split in the republican party that will either follow Taft or Roosevelt.
76
Woodrow Wilson
→1913-1921, he is a democrat president, the only president to have a phd (doctorate) he is a president of Princeton, governor of New Jersey.
→He is on the largest bills in American history, the $100,000 dollar bill
77
New Freedom
*This is Wilson’s political idea in which he wants to destroy trusts, and he wants the people, not the government, to have more power.
*The issue is that when he wins the presidency he realizes that he cannot destroy big businesses and instead decides to regulate them.
78
Underwood Tariff
The Underwood Tariff Act was a piece of legislation that lowered the average tariff rates in the United States, and also reintroduced the federal income tax. It was created by Woodrow Wilson
79
Federal Reserve Act
— Creates a central banking system with 12 branches
— The law carried the nation through the financial crises of the First World War of 1914-1918.
— This is Wilson’s lasting legacy and it basically changes the interest rates to lower or raise the economy.
80
Federal Trade Commission Act
This act was put in place by Woodrow Wilson and it appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.
81
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
→This laws extends/strengthens the protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
→It will legalize unions in America.
82
Workingmen's Compensation Act
— Passed under Woodrow Wilson, this law basically where the government will help workers who are injured on the job. It will be overturned but it is the first step.
83
Sixteenth Amendment
It is the taxing of income.
84
"Triple Wall of Privilege"
The Triple Wall has three important things: Tariffs, Banks, and Trusts.
85
Adamson Act
It allows an 8 hour workday for railroad workers.
86
Progressive Movement
→America is going to fix problems created by industrialism and urbanization.
→Of all the things they make better, the one thing they do not is racial issues with blacks.
87
The Election of 1912
One of the most historical elections in American history, Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose), William Howard Taft (Republican), Woodrow Wilson (Democrat), and Eugene Debs (Socialists).
88
Eugene V. Debs
He was a presidential candidate in five elections: 1900; 1904; 1908; 1912; and 1920, he was always for workers and their rights, but the thing that made him an outsider was that he wanted to turn the US into a socialist society.
89
Tampico Incident
An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico.
90
Victoriano Huerta
He is one of the leaders of Mexico before WW1 (he came before Venustiano Carranza)
91
Venustiano Carranza
He was one of the leaders of Mexico before WW1. (He came second)
92
Francisco ("Pancho") Villa
He was the commander of guerrilla soldiers who killed 16 Americans in Mexico, who raided America in hopes that Woodrow Wilson would get involved in helping overthrow the new Mexican government (he wanted to stabilize their government.)
93
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He is the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne and he will be assassinated by a Serbian, Gavrilo Princip, and this leads to WW1.
94
European Nationalism
This is when Europe/Countries are more worried about their people than their nations.
95
Lusitania
British passenger liner torpedoed and sunk by German U-Boats on May 7, 1915. It ended the lives of 1,198 people, including 128 Americans, and pushed the United States closer to war.
96
Sussex Pledge
In 1916, the Germans promised to stop sinking ships without warning if America would stay out of the war.
97
Zimmerman Note/Arthur Zimmerman
German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1917, it caused an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter the war. He offered to give Mexico back the American Territory they lost during the Mexican-American War.
98
Central Powers
Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War 1.
99
Allied Powers
Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I.
100
U-Boats
German submarines, named for the German Unterseeboot, or "undersea boat," proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone. U-boat attacks played an important role in drawing the United States into the war.
101
John ("Black Jack") Pershing
→He is sent by Wilson to capture Pancho Villa, but this is not successful because Wilson will ask him to become the leader of the American Military. (Removed because we will have bigger fish to fry.)
→He is the leader of the US military during WW1 (THE FACT THAT HE IS A LEADER OF US MILITIA IS A MUST KNOW FOR THE TEST)
102
Kaiser Wilhelm II
He was the leader of Germany during World War 1.
103
Marshall Foch
He was the Supreme Allied Commander during WW1.
104
Battle of Chateau-Thierry
The first significant engagement of American troops in World War 1--and, indeed, in any European war. To weary French soldiers, the American doughboys were an image of fresh and gleaming youth.
105
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing led American troops in this effort to cut the German railroad lines supplying the western front. It was one of the few major battles that America participated in during the entire war, and was still underway when the war ended. Aka the 100 days war.
106
Doughboys
Nickname for American troops because they were fresh and inexperienced.
107
Alvin York
He is the most famous American soldier in World War 1. He is from East Tennessee. He takes out a machine gun nest by himself.
108
Harlem Hell-fighters
They are the most important and decorated black group in World War 1, and they are from Harlem. They fight bravely and courageously just to come back home and find racism.
109
Committee on Public Information
Government office during World War 1, led by George Creel and they are the propaganda people who are selling the war effort to Americans.
110
George Creel
He is the leader of the Committee on Public Information.
111
Espionage and Sedition Acts
A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national “disloyalty.” Together with the Sedition Act of 1918, which added penalties for abusing the government in writing, it created a climate that was unfriendly to civil liberties.
112
Schenck vs. United States
Basically a supreme court case that said your freedom of speech could be limited if there is danger.
113
War Industries Board
Headed by Bernard Baruch, this federal agency coordinated industrial production during World War I, and it coordinated with owners to make war materials.
114
Bernard Baruch
He is the leader of the war industry board.
115
National War Labor Board
This wartime agency was chaired by former President William Taft and it prevented workers from going on strike. The factory workers were mostly women and blacks.
116
Industrial Workers of the World
The IWW, also known as the “Wobblies,” was a radical organization that sought to build “one big union” and advocated industrial sabotage in defense of that goal. The IWW particularly appealed to migratory workers in agriculture and lumbering and to miners, all of whom suffered from horrific working conditions.
117
Food Administration/Herbert Hoover
→They coordinate food in America
→They have to make sure that the soldiers get food.
→They coordinate food through Victory Gardens
→The victory gardens had slogans, “Wheat-less Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, and Pork-less Thursdays”
118
Fuel Administration/Daylight Savings Time
→This was to conserve energy.
→The way they conserving energy by creating daylight savings time.
119
The "Big Four"
They are the leaders of the victorious nations who recreate Europe.
The 4 Nations are:
United States (led by Woodrow Wilson), Italy, France, and Great Britain
120
Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson’s proposal (which had 14 points) to ensure peace after World World 1
121
Self-Determination
An idea that countries should choose their own government.
122
League of Nations
→Wilson’s final and fourteenth point to create a peacekeeping organization.
→It will fail because the US does not join
→The precursor for the United Nations.
123
Treaty of Versailles
World War I concluded with this vengeful document, which secured peace but imposed sharp terms on Germany and created a territorial mandate system to manage former colonies of the world powers. To Woodrow Wilson’s chagrin, it incorporated very few of his original 14 points, although it did include the League of Nations that Wilson had long sought. Isolationists in the United States, deeply opposed to the League, led the opposition to the Treaty, which was never ratified by the Senate.
124
Henry Cabot Lodge
US Senator that famously opposes Wilson and denies America access/part of the League of Nations.
125
Nineteenth Amendment
This Constitutional amendment, finally passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote over seventy years after the first organized calls for women's suffrage in Seneca Falls, New York.
→This is women’s right to vote.
126
Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act
Designed to appeal to new women voters, this act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare.
→This is the first step to allowing pregnant women the ability to take time off work for labor and still come back to work.
127
Alice Paul/National Women's Party (NWP)
This is the militant violent group who does protests, riots, hunger strikes.
128
Lucy Burns
A friend of Alice Paul who is known for her fiery red hair.
129
Carrie Chapman Catt/National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
The most important group who uses their voice to help get women the right to vote.
130
Jeanette Ranking
First female in Congress who is actually elected before women get the right to vote.
131
War of Roses/Harry T. Burns
→Takes place in Tennessee, the last state to vote for ratification.
→Harry T. Burn is the deciding vote. Harry T. Burn wore red yet voted yellow (yellow rose is for and red rose is against)
132
Mathew Perry
→In the 1850’s America wanted Japan as a stepping stone to China.
→We sent Mathew Perry over to get it.
→Japan realizes how far behind they are and they end up negotiating with us. Which in turn sets up Japan for World War 2 because they realize how far behind and begin moving forward.
133
Alaska
→We buy Alaska from Russia.
→We bought it at roughly 2 cents an acre.
→It is very rich in natural resources.
→It is 365 million acres.
134
Protectorate
When a country that is technically independent but is under the control of another country.
135
Anti-Imperialist League Leader and what they were against
It was led by Mark Twain and he/they were against America becoming an empire and going overseas.
136
Reasons the Anti-Imperialist League was against imperialism
1. →It goes against our ideas (how can a country who believes in freedom and equality not allow others the same)
2. →We don't even like immigrants to begin with and we just banned the Chines (Chinese Exclusion Act).
3. →We are still rebuilding the South.
4. →We are still industrializing the East.
5. →We are still settling the West.
*Essentially all this mean is get your own house in gear before you mess with other countries.*
137
1901-1909 President
The president during this time was Theodore Roosevelt who became president after William McKinley's assassination and then in the 1904 election he ran against Alton B. Parker and won, this time he became president in his own right. Theodore Roosevelt was a Republican.
138
1896-1901 President
The president was William McKinley who won the election twice and served in his second term until he got assassinated (3rd presidential assassination yet) and then his vice president took over, Theodore Roosevelt. William McKinley was a Republican candidate and his competitor was William Jennings Bryan the both times and then the second time he competed against.
139
1909-1913 President
The president during this time was William Howard Taft who was a republican candidate who ran against William Jennings Bryan and won.
140
1913-1921 President
The president during this time was Woodrow Wilson was a democrat candidate who ran against William Howard Taft for his first term and won then for his second term he competed against Charles Evan Hughes.
141
Jose Marti
→He will be the leader who brings Cuba to independence.
→He is a writer and poet committed to Cuban Independence.
→Brings exiles to the USA and begins new rebellion in 1895, he dies in battle.
142
Four Main Groups That Want to/go Overseas
Big Businesses, religious groups, navy, and politicians
143
Big Businesses wanted to go overseas because:
The big businesses are afraid that land, resources, and markets will close if they don't.
144
Religious Groups wanted to go overseas because:
The white English speaking nations are superior and should help civilize/settle the world (White Man's Burden). Josiah strong will connect the white English speaking nations with Christianity and it becomes a mission field
145
Politicians wanted to go overseas because:
There are two things they want: a stronger economy, and more power in the world and they know by going overseas they can get it.
146
Navy wanted to go overseas because:
They realize that if they go overseas they will get money and technology.
147
5 Times In History US Declared War
1. War of 1812
2. Mexican-American War
3. Spanish-American War
4. WW1
5. WW2
148
Reasons in order that caused the United States to Join WW1
1. Lusitania
2. Zimmerman Note
3. Germany begins to sink ships once again
*see other flashcards for more details on each of these individual events*
149
Square Deal 3 C's: Conservation
Roosevelt wanted to preserve the beauty of America over big business taking it away. He realized that if they didn’t preserve the beauty of the land the businesses would destroy them so he created many national parks and someone to oversee it, the division of forestry.
150
Square Deal 3 C's: Corporation
Roosevelt controlled big businesses/corporations through utilizing the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
151
Square Deal 3 C's: Consumers
Roosevelt protects consumers through the Meat Inspection Act and the Food & Drug Act where they begin to ensure that the food is safer for consumption.
152
Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariffs
Underwood Tariff of 1913
which reduced import fees/tariffs
Graduated income tax (16th amendment)
153
Triple Wall of Privilege: Banks
Federal Reserve Act of 1913:
This established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the USA (12 branches)
154
Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts
The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 which monitors American big businesses to limit activities that unfairly limit competition.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
This anti-trust act banned price discrimination among customers; unions had the right to exist; legalized strikes and peaceful picketing; and it strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
155
Two Major Groups Pushing For The Progressive Movement
Politicians→they wanted: power, money, and votes
women→they wanted: social equality but mostly the right to vote.
156
Frederick Taylor
He will use science to try and better industry and society. Aka Taylorism. He begins the assembly line which is later perfected by Henry Ford.
157
What three things did we want to happen with the Open Door
policy?
1. We want to access their ports.
2. Open trading.
3. Gain them independence.
158
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson is an isolationist figure meaning he wants to keep America out of the war (WW1). He did this until 1917 then it was out of his control.
159
The Balkans
This is South Eastern Europe that has many different people groups but not a lot of nations. (A powder keg waiting to erupt💥 💣 ).
160
The 1916 Election Slogan
Wilson will win the 1916 election by keeping us out of war and his slogan is, “He has kept us out of war.”
161
How does Wilson change the idea of war?
Wilson changes the idea of war from fighting the central powers to saving democracy.
162
Selective Services
This is a fancy term that meant to draft, and the selective services is a new way to draft.
163
Army Nursing Corp
This is the first time that women officially serve in the military. They usually have one of two positions, they are either nurses or clerical workers.
164
Segregation on the front lines.
Black men were drafted and fought on the front lines but they were still segregated.
165
Liberty/Victory Bonds
The American people lend money to the American government to pay/fund the war.
→This is how we pay for most of the war.
→Over $20 million dollars was borrowed.
166
The First Great Migration
When the men leave to fight in the war there is a lot of migration done in the US.
1. Women move into the workforce.
2. Blacks move from the South to Northern cities so they can work in factories.
3. Latinos are moving from Mexico into the South
167
What was the name of the group and person who killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
The group was called the Black Hand and the specific individual who shot Archduke Francis Ferdinand was Gavrilo Princip.
168
Two main women who were really fighting for voting rights
Abigail Adams and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
169
What was the first state to give women the right to vote?
Wyoming
170
Who ended up switching sides on the legislature which ended up giving women the right to vote?
Harry T. Burn and he did so because his mother asked his to
171
What document does Samuel Gompers (leader of the AFL) compare the Clayton Anti-trust to?
He compares it to the Magna Carta
172
How does Woodrow Wilson break tradition with the underwood tariff?
He breaks traditions because while he was creating the Underwood Tariff he actually goes before Congress which is out of the norm (what a silly goose 🤪🪿🦆)
173
What four things does the Espionage and Sedition Act do?
1. It hurts free speech
2. It hurts/curbs/limits your freedoms
3. It makes it illegal to speak against the war
4. It puts women suffragettes in prison
174
No Man's Land
It is the area between trenches in which most of the fighting took place. They dig holes in the ground so when it rains it becomes a muddy mess. There’s also a ton of barbed wire covering no man’s land which brings up a need for tanks. Pretty much suicide to charge them.
175
Trenches
They fight in trenches and the goal is to run over there and take them out.
176
The First Red Scare
After WW1, immigration continues in America but we are worried about/that communism is spreading.
177
What 4 things do you need to know about the Treaty of Versailles?
1. It is 1919 (WW1 takes places from August 1914–June 1919)
2. **Germany has to take blame for the war.** (They did not start the war but they had to take responsibility for it.)
3. Germany pays allied nations, specifically [Great Britain and France (and even more specifically France because they destroyed Paris)] **their economy is completely destroyed by this.**
4. **They are stripped of their standing army and they can no longer have one.** Their pride is hurt by this.
178
What 4 empires are broken/destroyed by the Treaty of Versailles?
1. The Russian Empire (Finland, Russian Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Bessarabia)
2. Ottoman Empire (becomes Turkey)
3. German Empire (to the East becomes the Poland and to the South becomes part of Czechoslovakia)
4. Austria-Hungary (becomes Austria, Hungary, and the rest of Czechoslovakia)
179
What was the most persecuted group?
The most persecuted group was the Germans.
180
What happened on November 11th?
On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (November 11, 1918 at 11 am) the Allied powers and Germany signed the Armistice at Compiégne, France, which officially ended World War I.
181
What happened towards the very end of Woodrow Wilson's term?
He had a stroke that was most likely caused from going back and forth trying to get the US apart of the League of Nation and so his wife led the country from behind closed doors. (His vice president didn't run the country because he was still alive and technically able to run the country)
182
What event in history was the first time that a president sent troops out without congressional approval?
*Hint: It was William McKinley*
The Boxer Rebellion
